Columnar apple Vasyugan

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The Vasyugan columnar apple tree is a hybrid bred in 1987. Its creators endowed the culture with frost resistance. The tree has good breeding characteristics: stable yield, long fruiting period and high resistance to common garden diseases.

Columnar apple Vasyugan

general characteristics

The columnar culture belongs to the late varieties. The collection deadline falls in the last weeks of December.

The frost-hardy apple tree quickly adapts in the northern regions. In areas with a warm climate, it demonstrates rapid growth and gives a stable harvest. Winter hardiness and high yields are the two main advantages of the variety.

Features:

• early maturity;
• the culture bears fruit in the first year - 6 apples are formed on a young tree;
• yield increases over the years;
• the maximum yield is achieved in the 5th year;
• average yield 7 kg per apple tree.

The period of fruit ripeness directly depends on the region. It stretches from late summer to mid-September.

The warmer, the faster the fruits ripen. The harvest is stored for up to 2 months.

Apples can be eaten raw or used to make winter spins, jams and juices.

Description of the tree

The apple tree is semi-dwarf, Vasyugan grows on one trunk, the growth of lateral branches is less intense.

The active growth of the seedling is noted at 6-7 years. The maximum height is 3 meters. The annual growth is 20 cm.

The crown is small in size, but with dense leaves. Fruiting occurs on the ringlets, so it has the shape of a column.

According to the description, it bears fruit for up to 16 years, but after 10 years the yield declines. For this reason, the garden is renewed every decade.

The culture resistance to diseases is average.

The pollinator is not needed, but varieties with similar breeding characteristics improve the quality of the fruit when cross-pollinated.

Description of apples

The fruits are quite large, the weight of one is from 110 to 150 g. The record holders weigh up to 200 g. The apples are hard and have a conical, slightly elongated shape. The skin is thin, firm and smooth.

The longer the apples hang on the branches, the brighter their color.

Description of fruits:

• inside the flesh is pale yellow;
• dense pulp with fine grain;
• inside the fruit is a homogeneous structure.

The pulp has a characteristic sweet and sour taste. A pronounced "acidity" appears during long-term storage.

Apples belong to the dessert type: they are juicy, with a pleasant aroma, therefore they are used to prepare delicious dishes.

Sapling selection

You need to choose the apple tree correctly

When choosing a seedling, the main criterion is compliance with the selected region.

The columnar apple tree quickly takes root in any conditions, but gives less growth on clay soils.

It is important for dwarf trees that the groundwater is no higher than 3 meters. Otherwise, the rhizome will be damaged.

Characteristics of good planting material:

1. Age. The best seedlings are two years old. If they are younger, it will be difficult for them to quickly adapt, and if they are older, then their root system does not have time to grow properly. What is the difference between the processes of different ages: there are no developed branches on the one-year-old material, and the two-year-old have 2-3 of them, the branches stick out on the sides at an angle of 45 ° to 90 °.
2. Structure. Roots and stems will help you understand the condition of the planting material. There should be no damage or stains on the scions. The inside of the seedling should be deep green. The roots of good material remain moist. It is necessary to inspect the rhizome for the presence of rot, for this the root is carefully pulled back: if it comes off easily, the graft has rotted away. Good roots are elastic and do not break when bent.
3. It is better not to buy planting material with green leaves. It won't take root.

Planting culture

The disembarkation takes place according to a certain scheme. An adult tree will need the correct distance to neighboring crops.

Saplings are planted at a distance of at least 50 cm from each other. There is a gap of 1 m between the rows.

If you make the distance less, a shadow is formed, due to which the fruits will be deformed and begin to ripen at different times.

The Vasyugan variety cannot be planted near a shelter or in a poorly lit area, and lowlands cannot be selected, otherwise all the stagnant water from the garden will feed the apple tree rhizome.

Planting in spring

It is necessary to calculate the moment when the upper layers of the soil have already warmed up, but the first buds did not appear on neighboring garden crops.

If the variety is planted after the buds appear, it will not have time to bloom.

When planting in spring, there is a chance that the seedling will bloom by autumn - in this case, the ovaries are removed.

The first crop will draw the juice out of the rhizome, weakening the tree before the winter frosts.

Planting in autumn

It is carried out exactly one month before the expected frost.

You cannot plant a seedling too early, so that it does not let out fresh leaves. Late planting is also harmful: it will not have time to adapt to changing ambient temperatures.

A month is the optimal time. Without fail, after planting, the seedling is insulated for the winter.

Pit preparation

A prepared pit is required for planting a seedling

The landing pit is pulled out in advance. The depth and diameter of the hole is not less than 60 cm. Such dimensions will ensure rapid growth of the root part of the culture.

Do not immerse the rhizome too deep, especially in the presence of high groundwater. They do not sit too high either, because the roots will be washed out during watering.

The bottom of the pit is fertilized. Compost or a mixture of humus and water is used. The organic layer must be at least 5 cm.

A good option:

• sand;
• dolomite flour;
• peat, if the composition of the soil allows.

This mixture is left in the pit for a week, after which the organic matter is mixed with the upper layers of the soil. Make-up is left for another week. During this time, the soil is saturated with useful substances so that the rootstock of the seedling takes root faster.

Disembarkation scheme

The Vasyugan apple tree is planted in the late afternoon. If the seedling has green leaves, they do not need to be immediately exposed to intense sunlight.

The root system is placed in the pit: it must be carefully leveled over the entire diameter. The grafting site is left 7-8 cm above the soil level. After that, fresh soil is poured. She ramps herself carefully.

A soil roller is created around the root trunk. It must retain moisture at the roots.

Immediately after planting, the seedling is watered with purified water - at least 3 buckets. The optimum water temperature is 20 ° C. Additionally, the soil is mulched.

For this, recharge, fertilizers are applied and timely pruning is carried out - such procedures regulate the growth of a young tree.

Landing features

If the planting takes place in the fall, the seedling is preparing for winter. To do this, it is insulated and protected by rodent nets. Until spring, a young tree is undermined. It is better to protect it from strong winds with a thick film or tarpaulin. It is covered with spruce branches.

The snow cover will protect the crop from a drop in temperature, so there is no need to remove it from the land plot.

Semi-dwarfs are planted on a high, stable support. Until spring, you need to monitor the tops of the soil. Spring planting is associated with fewer difficulties - over the summer, suitable conditions are created for the rapid and correct growth of planting material.

General care

The apple tree does not require careful maintenance

Caring for the Vasyugan apple tree is usual: you need constant watering, which is combined with feeding and loosening the soil. After preliminary digging, moisture and nutrients are better absorbed.

For the winter period, all care stops and resumes after warming. Pruning of branches is obligatory.

Irrigation works

The first time the seedling is watered abundantly a week after planting. Half-dwarfs are watered abundantly - it is better to add more moisture at a time. You can not increase the number of watering, even during a drought period. Such activities will lead to rotting of the rhizome. During the period of active growth, Vasyugan is watered 2-3 times a week. If a rainy spring is issued, the number of irrigation works is reduced to 2 times a week.

Soil moisture gradually decreases. The tree must independently regulate the moisture level. The best type of watering for the variety is drip. It distributes moisture correctly to the stem and leaves. Watering only the roots is dangerous - the fertile soil layer will be washed out.

Rainwater or tap liquid is selected for irrigation. The younger the tree, the more requirements for the temperature of the liquid. The liquid is preliminarily settled and warmed up: for this, the container with water is left outside for the whole day. Watering is carried out in the evening.

Top dressing of the soil

During the year, 2-3 foliar feeding of the apple tree is carried out. For foliage, make-up is used during the growing season. Root feeding is carried out once a year. For this, ammonium nitrate is used.

In the summer, top dressing increases yields. The introduction of nutrients increases the keeping quality of the fruit and protects the crop from diseases. In June, shoots actively grow and ovaries are formed, and when they fall off, top dressing is carried out.

Slurry is used from organic matter. A mixture of chicken manure and water (1:10) gives good results.

Mineral fertilizers are applied in the middle of summer. Mix 40 g of nitrate, 30 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of superphosphate and 10 liters of water.

In the fall, the last feeding is carried out. Ready-made fertilizers are used. The apple tree is sprayed in the morning or evening. Dry and calm weather is selected - the applied solution will not have time to evaporate and is absorbed faster. Foliar feeding is applied before the cold snap. For this, 1 liter of wood ash and 1 liter of water are diluted. The solution is sprayed onto the tree.

Pruning branches

Spring pruning is designed to form a crown, and autumn ones serve as a sanitary procedure. Any broken, diseased, or damaged appendages should be removed before winter.

Otherwise, various diseases may develop during the winter period, and parasite eggs will appear on the trees - as soon as it gets warmer, they become more active.

Spring pruning is carried out before the appearance of the ovaries, so as not to harm the internal metabolic processes of the culture. The first step is to cut off dead and dry twigs.

Excess shoots are cut if they grow crooked or are selected from the general shape of the crown. Strong shoots must be removed - before flowering, they draw excess moisture from the culture. Such a negative phenomenon can affect the process of fruit formation.

In the second year, during spring pruning, two buds are left and the side branches are pruned.From the remaining buds, correct and healthy shoots will be formed by autumn. The next year, shoots are cut again, except for two buds.

In the third year, the entire branch is removed, and the rest are cut off in two buds. As a result, the correct crown shape is formed.

It is necessary to closely monitor the apical kidney. Only one shoot should grow from it. It is clipped if it breaks. Only one shoot is left - the smoothest and thickest, and the rest are trimmed. Young trees have no more than 5 full branches.

Preventive work

The Vasyugan apple variety has an average susceptibility to disease. For this reason, prevention is carried out at least once a year.

The most famous remedies that strengthen culture:

• fungicides - "Fundazol" or copper sulfate;
• insecticides - "Fufanon" and "Aktara".

Funds are used according to the instructions, in the autumn.

Features of fruiting

Fragrant and delicious apples

Semi-dwarfs can bear fruit from the first year. This is a normal development option if the seedling is planted in spring. In the fall, such efforts are not needed for the tree - if the planting took place in the cold season, it is better to get rid of the ovaries. The flowers are cut off neatly so as not to damage the shoots.

The Vasyugan apple tree blooms in May. In the second half of the same month, inflorescences may appear if it grows in a region with a cold climate.

From the end of August, fruits are formed on the branches. Ripe apples can be picked throughout the month, regardless of the region.

In autumn, the storage period on a tree does not exceed 1.5 months. The crop harvested in August also does not lie for a long time.

The crop is stored in ordinary wooden boxes. A cool room with moderate humidity is selected. Rotten and healthy fruits should not be stored.

It is better not to collect fruits of different varieties in one box. The maximum shelf life is 2 months. Fruits are transported well.

Variety of varieties

According to the description, the variety includes columnar apple trees: dwarf, semi-dwarf and vigorous. They differ in the growth of the bush and its crown.

A good harvest is provided by dwarf ones - they have fibrous roots, which allows an increase in the number of ovaries and formed fruits.

There are early columnar varieties. They compete with late summer and early winter ones.

The choice of variety directly depends on the region.

Where is it better to grow the variety

The varieties are grown in Siberia and in other regions with a harsh climate (in the Urals and Trans-Urals).

In the east of the country, hybrids are also used frequently. They are planted in well-lit areas and the amount of watering is increased.

The colder it is in the region, the more maintenance is required.

If Vasyugan grows in Siberia, the apical bud of the apple tree must be cut off. In this case, no more than 5 branches are left. Such procedures will strengthen the main part of the crop, which will increase the quality indicators of the yield.

In Siberia, it is grafted with other varieties. The resulting hybrid is resistant. The period of its flowering and fruiting changes. If necessary, they are grown in semi-greenhouse or greenhouse conditions. She begins to bear fruit earlier and tolerates lingering frosts more easily.

Gardeners reviews

The Vasyugan columnar apple receives positive reviews from gardeners.

Winter hardiness makes it possible to plant seedlings even in the coldest regions of the country. The temperature regime does not affect the quality of the crop.

A significant advantage of the variety is the taste of apples. Sweet and sour fruits are not stored for long, but are used to make delicious jams. Fresh pulp is good for baking.

The seedling bears fruit from the first year and does not grow much on the sides, so it is suitable for small plots of land. The advantages of the view cancel out all its disadvantages.