Rules for the formation of cucumbers in the open field
The process of growing a crop outdoors includes proper planting, pruning and grooming. Only an integrated approach will ensure a good harvest that can be harvested in early autumn. The formation of cucumbers in the open field saves space in the garden and improves the quality indicators of the bush: the whips are better sanctified and grow faster.
Rules for the formation of cucumbers in the open field
Why bushes are formed
Planting of seedlings of cucumbers is carried out in the warm season, when the upper layers of the soil are well warmed up. The cultivation of different varieties occurs according to the same scheme, which includes:
- trimming unnecessary lashes;
- a garter of a branch to a support.
Two important steps ensure the quality of the harvest: the formation of cucumbers by pruning is the best option for a small vegetable garden so that the bushes bear fruit and the vegetables do not spoil. Before the formation of the bush, it is tied up, fixing it to the lash.
In the formation of cucumbers in the open field, the variety of the selected crop is important. The variety of cucumbers affects the method of pollination and the number of inflorescences. For bee-pollinated varieties, open ground is needed. For hybrids, only vertical supports are used. In bee-pollinated cucumbers, you need to form only one central branch, and get rid of unnecessary lashes.
Pruning bushes
Determinant varieties tend to grow rapidly, with the formation of the main stem, the side lashes start up intensive growth. Strong and medium growth of shoots in the open field requires a large expense from the gardener to care for the bush. Before planting seedlings, the peculiarities of the growth of the bush should be taken into account. Hybrids with moderate growth are characterized by the following types of branching self-regulation:
- The first type includes crops with intensive shoot growth. The growth of the bush occurs on the sides.
- The second type of hybrids has weak branching and growth of the main branch. At the same time, the apical bud is actively growing.
- Determinant varieties with fast growth of all shoots.
Regardless of the variety of cucumbers, pruning of lateral shoots is carried out regularly: as soon as the fruiting period ends, the shoots are disposed of. Without pruning, the plant weakens quickly. Dying, dry or diseased shoots are cut off regardless of their location.
Do not leave yellowed leaves on the bush. A growing cucumber needs additional nutrition, and extra lashes take away juices. Shoots should not be allowed to grow too long. The second-order outgrowths are constantly trimmed. The optimal shoot length is no more than 20 cm.
Pruning methods
Once the hybrid reaches the top of the trellis, the plant is pruned. Pinching includes:
- trimming side stitches;
- removal of flowers in the axils of the lateral stems;
- removal of shoots at the level of 3 leaves.
The formation of the bush begins before the seedlings are planted. If the bushes are planted without a scheme and system, the installed trellis will not help increase the amount of the crop.
To form a bush, he needs to create all the conditions for proper growth. Overcrowding of plants does not allow to tie up the stems and allow the lateral lashes to bear fruit.
Trimming side stitches
It is necessary to pluck extra branches
Each cucumber formed will receive nutrients from the soil if the pruning and shaping of the bush is properly planned. Removing shoots at the time of fruit formation will only harm the plant.
a properly performed procedure is only useful if the pinching and pruning is done in a timely manner. During the formation of the bush, when 9 leaves appear, the side lashes are trimmed. All branches are plucked, which draw juices from the plant. The whips located above are pinched approximately for 1 cucumber and 1 leaf.
The last shoots (located under or above the wire) are pinched at the level of 2-3 leaves. Those shoots that have reached the upper border of the trellis are cut, pinched, twisted around the upper part of the support and neatly tied.
Removing flowers
For long-fruited varieties, pinching occurs according to a similar scheme: female flowers are cut in the axils of the first three leaves and the side lashes are removed. In such varieties, pinching the main stem involves removing shoots above 3 leaves.
Removing shoots
Get rid of the hybrid shoots that are above the wire. Leave shoots formed in the axils of the upper leaves (no more than 3 pieces). They are lowered down and fixed at a height of about 1 meter. If pinching is done correctly, the bed will be even, and the bushes will not block the access of sunlight to neighboring crops.
Garter bushes
The main reason why it is useful to form bushes is that such a process promotes the rapid growth of lateral lashes. Female inflorescences are formed on additional branches, due to which the amount of the obtained crop increases. How to form cucumbers in the open field: pinching of the central stem is mandatory. At least 5 leaflets should form on the central process. Early ripening varieties can not be formed, but their growth can be corrected in a timely manner.
The garter of cucumbers is carried out as the lateral shoots grow. To support the main stem, use:
- trellises, which are installed before planting seedlings;
- supports (pegs);
- wire;
- cord.
In the open field and in the greenhouse, the bush tie method is used to optimize the yield of the variety. If in a greenhouse the growth of a plant is activated due to branching shoots, then in the open field you cannot do without pinching the bushes. A properly formed bush gives twice the yield. During the formation of the lashes, flowering is cut off on the main lashes (male and female inflorescences are formed simultaneously).
Garter to support
Do not pull the twine
With the appearance of a bush, the green stem is tied to the support with twine, and then the main part of the bush is formed around the support. Supports are located along the entire row at the same distance from each other. The average support height is 1.5 to 2 meters. If necessary, the support can be moved and adjusted to the location of the central shoot.
For a safety net, there should be a small space between the stakes (support) and the bush. The lashes are directed parallel to the support vertically up. It is important to correctly position the mount: the bottom edge is fixed between 2 and 3 leaves. The conditional height from the soil should be at least 15 cm. You can not pull the twine too much if the bush is weak, such actions will harm its growth.
Garter to the trellis
A popular garter method is performed with a fixed mesh with a sparse mesh. The net is strengthened on wooden racks, and then cucumber lashes are launched into the cells on the net.
After tying the bush, the lowest lashes and the last three lower leaves are cut off from the plant. Fruiting in such plants occurs only on the upper tied lashes.
Wire garter
An effective tying method is used on long beds. At the edges of the beds (after the first and last bush), stakes are driven into the ground, and a wire is tied to them. The height of the stakes is from 1.5 to 2 m.
On each plant, the lower lashes are trimmed (unnecessary shoots and foliage are cut off). Twine is tied to each bushes, which is attached to the wire. The whole plant is neatly pulled and pulled up without bending the main stem. The other end of the sword is tied to the plant at the opposite end of the bed. This arrangement of plants will allow the bushes to be well ventilated and bear fruit.
Cord Garter
Before tying the bushes, all the lower lashes (extra side shoots) are removed: the bush is formed around the main stem. A twine is tied at the root. It should grip the stem loosely but securely - as it grows, the stem needs free space.
A crossbar is installed, which is fixed at different ends of the bed, and then the upper end of the rope from each bush is fixed on it. Wrap the plant around the support again. Over time, cucumber shoots will begin to grow around the bar.
Conclusion
Cucumbers grown in the garden are healthy vegetables and a storehouse of vitamins. Planting seedlings and caring for a bush does not take much time if you plan all the processes in advance. Pruning and pinching shoots is carried out to optimize the growth of the bush.
After pruning and garter, the plant starts growing, and full-fledged fruits are formed on the formed lashes. The formation of a bush is carried out before the appearance of greens.