The most common diseases of cucumbers

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Growing vegetables outdoors, in a greenhouse or on a balcony, gardeners face various difficulties. Diseases can quickly destroy all seedlings or spoil the crop before harvesting. What are the most common cucumber diseases? Let's take a closer look at the symptoms and treatment of ailments of popular culture.

The most common diseases of cucumbers

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases of cucumbers include a large number of infectious sores. Pathogens are pathogenic fungi that develop well both in the soil and parts of plants, and in the pulp of fruits. The infectious disease spreads very quickly throughout the site, affecting healthy specimens.

Late blight

The most common fungal disease that affects all cultivated plants. The spores of the pathogen are very tenacious and persist in the ground for a long time. The causes of the disease include errors in care, sudden changes in temperature and excessive humidity. In 14 days, the disease can completely destroy all plantings in the beds.

By what signs can you know that cucumbers are infected with late blight? Dark spots on the leaves are the most common symptom of a fungus. On the reverse side of the plate, a white mycelium bloom is noticeable, which can be easily blown off the surface. In a neglected state, the infection spreads to the stems and greens, and the tops curl up and fall off.

Powdery mildew

A common disease that can destroy all plantings. Cucumbers are seriously ill, then it is very difficult to recover after treatment. Powdery mildew easily infects plants with care errors, especially when crop rotation rules are not followed and vegetation is not removed from the field.

Typical signs are white bloom and rust on the leaves. Small spots gradually cover the plate to the edge, after which the greens turn yellow and wither. If you do not start the fight against the disease in time, the culture stops in development and stops bearing fruit. Cucumbers are deformed, shrink, the pulp of the fruit becomes bitter.

Peronosporosis

This disease of cucumbers is often called downy mildew. A dangerous fungal disease affects plants at all stages of growth. The cause of peronosporosis can be both high humidity and watering with cold water. Farmers note that most often the pathogen appears in areas with thickened plantings and if the rules of crop rotation are not followed.

Peronosporosis affects the foliage, covering the surface with yellowish-brown spots, which gradually grow over the entire plate with a purple bloom. With the development of the disease, the greens wrinkle, dry up and fall off. When grown in a greenhouse or in a wet summer, the tops actively rot. If you do not start treatment on time, the crop will completely die.

Blackleg

The pathogen penetrates into root tissues through cracks or small hairs, and also waits in the wings in plant debris and infected soil. In addition, peat, manure or seeds from sick "parents" become a source of infection. In indoor varieties, the peddler often has a dirty planting pot.

A sign of a black stem is a noticeable dark constriction on the stem. The diseased specimen acquires a muted green color, the lower section at the root becomes wet. Gradually, the plants turn yellow, wither and dry, and the disease spreads to the neighbors. When the ambient temperature drops to 12 ° C, irrigation with cold water or a sharp change in weather conditions also provokes fungus.

Stem rot

The harvest suffers from diseases of cucumbers

The crop suffers from diseases of cucumbers, therefore it is necessary to carefully examine the seedlings and adult plants, this is the only way to protect the culture from wilting. Ascochitosis infects only weakened bushes and manifests itself as round greenish-brown spots. The fungus affects not only the tops, but also the fruits (they rot, darken).

The pathogen does not live in open ground, transmission occurs through seeds. The disease is activated with an increase in humidity and sudden changes in temperature. Ascochitosis remains viable for a long time on the walls of greenhouses and in plant debris.

Copperhead

Anthracnose is a common disease. When the disease is neglected, cucumber leaves, stems and fruits are affected. First, yellow spots appear on the plates, which then turn brown and dry from the inside. Soon, the tissue crumbles, forming terrible ulcers. Zelentsy are deformed, bitter and rot during transportation.

The disease progresses at high humidity and temperatures ranging from 23 ° C to 27 ° C. The spread of the fungus is facilitated by insect bites and infected tools. The maximum damage from anthracnose is inflicted on greenhouses.

Bacterial diseases

The causative agents of this group of diseases are bacteria. According to the description, microorganisms enter the plant through damaged areas, after which they are carried through the vessels. They easily pass from one cucumber to another with contaminated tools or insect bites.

Bacterial wilting

A dangerous disease affects the ground parts of the plant. During bacterial wilting, foliage becomes covered with spots, loses turgor and dries up, while the stem remains green. Mucus accumulates inside the trunk, spreading the disease through the vessels, causing death and death.

If the signs of cucumber disease showed themselves, parasites - striped cucumber beetles - appeared on the site. Through insect bites, pathogens quickly spread through plants. The disease does not linger in seeds, soil and plant debris.

Bacteriosis

The disease affects all aerial parts of the cucumber. The foliage becomes covered with angular brown spots, after which the plate dies off. The fruits are deformed, and the seed material quickly rots.

Bacteriosis is activated in conditions of high humidity and in the temperature range from 19 ° C to 24 ° C. Most often, the disease occurs in greenhouses and during sprinkling, when small drops collect on greenery. In the soil, the pathogen dies, and the seeds are the source of distribution.

Wet rot

A dangerous disease that can destroy over 39% of the crop. In the early stages, the signs are almost invisible, so farmers often miss the appearance of the disease. Affected plants are inferior in growth, shed their foliage, sometimes slight wilting is noted. Many buds are formed, but the fruit rarely develops or is deformed.

Warm and humid air is favorable for the spread of bacteria. The infection quickly spreads through the vessels, after which dark necrotic spots appear on the tops.If you do not start treating the cucumber's disease or do not build a decent defense against microorganisms, the vine withers and dies.

Viral diseases

These diseases are more dangerous than fungal and bacterial diseases. Cucumbers are attacked both mechanically and by parasite transfer or when transplanted from other crops. To identify the pathogen, it is necessary to carry out a number of laboratory tests.

Mosaic

The disease can destroy the entire crop

In greenhouse conditions, viral diseases of this type most often develop. Infection occurs both through the soil and from dirty equipment. The disease feels great in the ground at low temperatures, and is also easily tolerated by insects. There are 2 types of dangerous cucumber disease.

1. White. The most serious mosaic, quickly destroying crops. It actively develops in case of heat above 25 ° C or temperature fluctuations. The characteristic signs of the disease appear in the form of yellow and white spots on the foliage.
2. English. Light markings along the veins are accompanied by wrinkling of the plates. The more the mosaic captures the plant without protection, the more the fruits are deformed, acquiring a bright color.

Sometimes the virus can contaminate the seeds of a crop. Most often, such raw materials are not suitable for use. The mosaic pathogen is immune to chemicals and therefore does not respond to fungicidal treatments before sowing. To protect yourself, it is better to choose resistant varieties from trusted producers.

Jaundice

Foliage discoloration is a common symptom of many diseases. Among the viral diseases of cucumbers, jaundice is worth noting. Due to the loss of chlorophyll, the tops become very pale, become stiff and brittle.

The longer the farmer does not pay attention to the symptoms, the more the plant is destroyed. The culture stops developing, the buds are deformed. The virus completely affects the vascular system of the cucumber.

Treatment

Disease control must begin immediately. Diseases of cucumbers pass quickly and quickly, so novice farmers often lose precious time. Due to weakened or missing plants, the yield of the variety is significantly reduced.

Fungi

Even the most resistant pathogens of ailments die under the influence of copper, therefore it is advised to spray the affected plantings with the preparation "HOM". It is enough to dilute 20 g of powder in 5 liters of water, and then spray the bushes with a spray bottle. By the way, the solution is enough to process a plot of 50 sq. m.

To combat powdery mildew, ascochitosis or anthracnose, it is better to spray cucumbers with colloidal sulfur. The procedures are carried out in cloudy weather, they try to pour the foliage from all sides. The mild form of the disease is treated with folk remedies. For example, a solution of baking soda and soap is allowed to sprinkle the plants once a week until the signs of peronosporosis or black rot disappear.

1 liter of sour milk is mixed with 1 liter of warm water. Filter the solution and spray the plants with it once a week.

Bacteria

Microorganisms are difficult to destroy, so all activities begin after the onset of symptoms. The fight against pathogens is taken during the period of soaking the seeds. In the early stages, spraying with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid helps against bacteriosis and wet rot.

Microorganisms do not like copper preparations. For any disease of cucumbers, two procedures are carried out using "HOM" or "Kuproksat". An interval of 10 days is maintained between sprinkling, after which the steps are repeated. It is difficult to treat and fight infection with folk methods, so you should not experiment.

Viruses

If the cucumbers are sick with mosaic or jaundice, the disease has already passed the initial stage. In a neglected state, neither soil nor greenhouse cucumbers can cope with diseases. In the early stages, when the yellow color has not yet painted the foliage, they are treated with a solution of colloidal silver.The drug has strong antiviral properties, so there is a chance of recovery.

The disease persists in the seed. For any disease of cucumbers before sowing, the raw material must be treated with Fitosporin, leaving it for several hours. Bordeaux liquid is used to treat soil and greenhouse surfaces.

Prophylaxis

To protect the seedlings from diseases and to achieve the ripening of fragrant fruits, it is necessary to prevent the trouble in advance. Prevention is much cheaper than root rot or cucumber mosaic treatments. The main methods of struggle are shown in the table:

In addition to important measures, before the start of seasonal work, plant residues left after last year's harvest must be removed, they do not forget about the rules of crop rotation (they look at their predecessors) and do not plant near unwanted neighbors. Growing cucumbers in the open ground and in a greenhouse requires farmers to treat the soil annually with copper-containing agents as a preventive measure.

Resistant seeds

Cucumbers protect from disease with the help of resistant seeds. It is recommended to purchase hybrids with appropriate characteristics. Cucumber diseases such as wilting or root rot are bypassed by plants with strong immunity. The best representatives of the species are varieties (marked f1):

• Othello;
• Pasadena;
• Semcross;
• Ofix.

If you know the enemy by sight, growing vegetables at home is not difficult. Protection of cucumbers from diseases and prevention by various methods will protect them from treatment and rehabilitation.