Common diseases of onion and their treatment
Gardeners who plant onions in their summer cottage want to get a healthy harvest, so they need to know how to properly care for onions. It is necessary to monitor the plant and timely identify onion diseases and their treatment. Depending on the classification and stage of the disease, you should know how and how to treat onions from pests, what are the diseases of green onions.
Basically, onion diseases in the garden are due to a fungal infection due to improper care and heavy rains. Fusarium is considered a common fungal disease, and many gardeners protect their garden primarily from it.
Onion diseases
Some pests are very difficult to notice with the naked eye, since they settle on the root system of the plant. If you do not carry out the fight against onion pests and diseases in a timely manner, then the desired harvest may not be obtained. Any infections are best treated early. If the use of a certain method of treatment has not yielded visible results, it is better to change it to another. In any case, whatever the disease on the onion is, it must be treated immediately after external changes are detected.
Diseases and pests of onions
- Peronosporosis;
- Various rot;
- Onion fly;
- Insects attacking the root system of onions;
- Viruses and infections.
Powdery mildew
Sometimes powdery mildew or downy mildew can spread to onion plantings. It is necessary to fight such diseases immediately after their detection, since the bulb affected by the fungus is no longer suitable for consumption. If there is powdery mildew in the garden, then with an advanced stage of the disease, it can spread to other plants. Peronosporosis of the feather is considered the most harmful and common disease that can affect varieties such as onion, batun, slug and sevok. Peronosporosis is most often encountered by gardeners in the southern regions of Russia, since the climate there is most suitable for the development of fungal infection.
If the humidity outside is about 70-90% and the climate is hot, then the appearance of a fungus almost always occurs. This disease must be fought, since with peronosporosis, the bulb can change its appearance and shape. Powdery mildew may already be on the planting material, and then an already infected turnip will be planted. If this happens, then healthy bulbs in a month will be attacked by peronosporosis.
There are ways to protect onions, and gardeners need to know how to secure their plantings. First of all, it is necessary to inspect the onion daily: appearance can suggest the presence of powdery mildew. Onion feathers may turn yellowish, stained, or rusty. Powdery mildew can attack even perennial onion plantings. If it became noticeable that the onion turns yellow, this is a possible sign of a fungal disease.To prevent rust from attacking, you need to treat the plants with preparations from the fungus.
Prevention of peronosporosis
Diseases of onions such as peronosporosis can be avoided if you follow the basic rules for caring for the plant. It is necessary to plant the planting material at a decent distance from each other, then the risk of decay of roots and scales will be minimal, since all plantings will be equally ventilated. It is imperative to weed weeds, especially in wet soil, where the development of fungus is considered the norm. When the first signs of peronosporosis are found, watering should be reduced. Plants can be fed with nitrogen fertilizers. If powdery mildew has formed on some specimens, these bulbs should be removed and dried. Protection must be ensured at all seasons of the year, even when the onion is in storage.
The bulb and scales can be damaged by peronospora even before planting in open ground. Even if there are no signs of any diseases, it is necessary to spray and process the planting material and beds in order to protect the future crop. You can add fertilizers that contain potassium and phosphorus to the soil, as these drugs help strengthen plants and give strength to fight infection. If no preparations for protecting the bulb came up and infection with powdery mildew occurred, then in this case it is necessary to apply fungicides. In the active stage of the development of peronosporosis, alternative methods of treatment will not work. In more detail, you can see onion diseases in a photo or video.
Gray rot on onions
Diseases and pests of onions are so insidious that they can settle on a plant and at the same time remain practically invisible. Gray rot attacks the neck scales through the soil. Such rot can occur due to constant humidity, rain and pests, so it is important to know how to get rid of rot and how to treat onions from pests. If any of the bulbs are infected with a fungal infection, then they are not suitable for human consumption.
To prevent gray rot from spreading in the garden, the soil should be disinfected, and the soil should be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers. If only some specimens are infected with gray rot, then they cannot be thrown into a landfill. Some types of bacteria have a special tenacity and can overwinter in a landfill, and attack fresh plants with the onset of warmth. To prevent onion diseases from arising in the garden, prevention should be carried out even when all specimens are completely healthy. This is done in order to maintain plant immunity.
Onion fly
The onion fly is not uncommon in the garden beds, it is found in different areas. Pests attack the bulb, and the onion fly larvae get inside. The description indicates that the feather stops growing, the set does not develop, the leaf turns yellow when infected. Basically, this disease is typical for turnip bulbs, batun and leek varieties. Whatever types of onions are affected by such a disease, the gardener needs to know what to do in this situation. How to treat the garden so that onion pests do not attack? Basically, experienced gardeners recommend processing with preparations that have a pungent odor. You can treat onions from pests with a saline solution. In 10 liters of water, it is necessary to dilute 300 g of salt. Plantings can be sprayed with such a solution no more than once every 30 days.
It is possible to save plants from onion flies, since saline is considered a rather effective remedy, but you should not carry out the procedure more than 3 times. Spraying is recommended in the evening, you also need to make sure that the solution does not get on the leaves, otherwise they may burn themselves. To understand whether it is still necessary to carry out processing, you should dig out one onion and look at its condition: if the scales are clean and there is active feather growth, there are no signs of the disease and the saline solution coped effectively.It is recommended that you plant green onions only away from the place where the fly larvae were found, as the distance between new plantings should be decent.
How to treat onions from pests? You can water with a solution of ammonia. Spraying and watering should be carried out in a dosage of 3 tablespoons of ammonia per 10 liters of water. When spraying or watering, it is important not to hurt the onion leaves. After the ammonia solution, the plants should be watered with plain water at room temperature. It is advisable to carry out these procedures in the evening. When growing onions, the pest is able to destroy all plants, so gardeners are fighting the onion fly with all sorts of methods.
Some gardeners during this period are advised to spray the plant with ammonia. If it is sick, then ammonia is a reliable protection and fight against onion fly larvae. If the onion is sick, you need to take action and spray it with available products with a pungent odor.
You can treat onions from pests with a solution of kerosene, it is also pre-diluted in water. Kerosene repels insects even at a distance, thanks to its smell. Watering with a solution of kerosene is necessary for plantings that are completely attacked by pests. All pests can be studied in detail in the photo.
Insects living in the soil
There are many insects that live in the soil and can attack plantings. Pests of green onions in the garden are not resistant to garlic solution. Ground insect control can be done with garlic. An infusion or decoction of garlic fights insects well, thanks to its smell and natural antimicrobial properties. A decoction of garlic and its husk acts as a safe insecticide and is successfully used by many gardeners.
To prepare a garlic solution, you need to pour 600 g of garlic with a bucket of boiled water. The resulting mixture must be boiled for about 3 hours with the lid closed. After boiling, the garlic infusion is cooled, and filtered before watering. The infusion should be diluted with water by half and the soil should be watered once a week. It is approximately necessary to expect that for 1 sq. m when watering, about 0.5 liters of solution should go. Onion treatment should be carried out immediately after identifying any insects in the soil.
Viral diseases of green onions
Of the common diseases, onions can be affected by yellow dwarfism and mosaic. There is no cure for such diseases. To prevent viral diseases from attacking the planting, it is necessary to carry out regular prophylaxis. The fight should be complex, then the plants do not attack either pests or diseases.
Basically, viruses arise due to improper care and non-compliance with the schedule of fertilizing and watering. With yellow dwarfism, plantings slow down in growth, they can deform, the feather changes in color. This is due to the fact that metabolism is disturbed in the plant.
When the onion is damaged by a mosaic, the feather acquires a changed color and the surface of the leaf changes. On the stems, you can see a pattern like a mosaic. Most often, such diseases are spread by aphids. You can study the description and find out what the aphid looks like in the photo. In the ground, there are also spreading infections, these are various mites. Nematodes can destroy plantings, from which the virus goes to the bulb. You need to protect yourself from insects and pests with available means, not only at the time of their appearance, but also as a prophylaxis.
No onion variety is protected from such diseases: neither sets, nor shallots, nor onions or any other. Before planting a seed in open ground, you need to disinfect the planting material and make sure that healthy bulbs are being planted. What means should be used to process onions? Various insecticides can be used. Precautions should be taken both before and after planting to ensure a bountiful harvest.To know what diseases and pests of onions look like, you should look at a photo or video, then if insects are found it will be easier to recognize them.
Prevention of onion diseases and pests
Most of the infection is due to the contaminated material, so it is very important to store and handle the seed correctly. Before sowing the seedlings, the planting material is disinfected and heated. When exposed to temperatures, most bacteria and viruses do not remain in the husk. These precautions must be followed in order to get healthy onions. During cultivation, there is a period when bacteria and insects can be dormant without attacking the planting. Bacteria often hibernate in the soil or on the remains of old weeds. Before proceeding with sowing, the soil must be prepared and all weeds and dry grass must be removed from it.
This should be done several weeks before the onions are planted. You cannot plant onions in the same place, it is permissible only once every 4-5 years. A certain period must pass when the soil is filled with nutrients. When growing, you should pay attention to the compatibility of vegetables, for example, you can plant onions after crops such as cabbage, tomatoes and cucumbers. It is imperative to follow the rules for planting planting material: in order for each new leaf to develop normally, the plant needs free space. It is recommended to plant onions not very thickly. The landing site is usually bright and sunny. On the sunny side, fungal infections hardly appear and the feather grows more actively.
Plant compatibility on the same bed
In the summer, you can get by with folk tricks when growing onions. There are plants that complement each other and are best planted together. You can grow carrots and onions in the same bed. The fact is that the onion fly cannot tolerate the aroma that is released from the leaves of carrots, so some gardeners plant these vegetables in 2 rows on the same bed. Wormwood infusion has also proven itself well: due to its beneficial properties and smell, it effectively repels insects.
Scarers can be installed from large animals. To prevent rodents from growing in the garden, you should maintain cleanliness and order on the site, do not leave open grain bags in the barns and do not throw garbage that attracts not only rodents, but also insects. To get a bountiful harvest of onions in your area, you need to plant, take care of them. It is recommended to inspect the plantings daily for the presence of insects and diseases. If larvae are found on onion feathers, they should be removed manually, and the plants should be treated with special preparations. Under simple growing conditions, it is enough just to get a beautiful and tall onion in the garden.