Krasnogorbatovskaya breed of cow
One of the best native Russian cows is the Krasnogorbatovskaya breed of cows. The cow managed to take the leading position, thanks to its high productivity, as well as good health.
Krasnogorbatovskaya breed of cows
About breed
Krasnogorbatovskie cows belong to the meat and dairy industry. They are widely bred in Ukraine, Mordovia, Chuvashia and in most regions of Russia.
Emergence
Gorbatovsky district, which is part of the Nizhny Novgorod province, is the birthplace of Krasnogorbatovsky cows. The breed was developed after crossing local cattle in the 19th century. For mating, an improved species of Great Russian cows, called the Prioksky, was selected, and animals were taken exclusively with red color. The selection was also attended by the Tyrolean breed "arriving" from Switzerland, whose milk is famous for its high fat content.
As a result, it was possible to obtain individuals that are not afraid of frost and are resistant to various diseases, incl. to brucellosis, tuberculosis, leukemia.
Development
The breed was officially approved in 1926. Breeding work was continued, however, since the 70s of the last century, breeders began to make do with only domestic specimens, abandoning the "imported" ones.
Within the breed itself, the most productive livestock is selected without admixture of other species.
Modern use
Over time, on an industrial scale, the Krasnogorbatovskaya burenka gave way to dairy animals, so the total number of this cattle decreased markedly.
For comparison, back in 1964 in their homeland (Nizhny Novgorod) the share of cows was 31.1%, but now it has dropped to 4.7%.
They even talk about their disappearance, in connection with which today they are under protection, and samples of the best bulls' semen are stored in the Republican Gene Bank. Tribal farms in the Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod regions still practice their purebred breeding.
However, with regard to private farms and small farming organizations, things are not so sad. The demand for them still remains, because, despite the growing competition, among all cattle, Krasnogorbatov cows do not lose their advantages.
Pros and cons of the breed
So, what attracts the breed to private livestock breeders? These are mainly the following factors:
- compact size (small rooms are suitable for her maintenance, it is easy to manage);
- excellent quality of meat and dairy products;
- easy care;
- low-cost feeding and the possibility of free grazing;
- good health (even in severe frosts).
A significant disadvantage of these horned animals is the limited area of detention, as well as their small number.
Description
The very name of the Kransogorbatov cow speaks of its color: they are only red, although the accepted standards do not exclude the presence of spots on the udder, abdomen and tail.Males are usually brighter, colored deep red, bordering in places with a black tint. The horns are light at the base, and at the ends, a transition to a dark color is noticeable.
The breed is quite small: its average height is only 120-123 cm, and its weight is no more than 460 kg. There are, of course, exceptions, when the Krasnogorbatovskaya female gains up to 800 kg, and the bull - all 1000 kg. The musculature of the animals is well developed.
In general, they have the correct body constitution, as well as a light but strong skeleton. The body is elongated, the back is straight, the limbs are low, but with a strong hoof, the neck and chest are wide. The head is small. The tip of the nose is pink.
The shares in the udder are equally developed, the udder itself is medium in size. The nipples are close together, have a conical shape.
Standards and disadvantages
A raised hindquarters, straight legs and a high long tail are the standards in the characterization of this breed.
The disadvantages of appearance include saberiness of the limbs, sagging in the back and the so-called laxness. Also, in some cows, the average lobes of the udder are extremely poorly developed.
Content
The general requirements for caring for the Krasnogorbatovskaya cow are the same as for all other cows. They are simple, but should be done regularly:
- the animal needs to be systematically cleaned or bathed in the summer season;
- the udder should be kept perfectly clean by washing it before and after each milking;
- hooves are trimmed to pets if necessary;
- observe the daily routine: cleaning, feeding, drinking, etc.
The room where the cow is kept is equipped in advance; before the onset of winter, they must be insulated. The feeders are cleaned very carefully, leaving no leftovers, which then begin to deteriorate and emit bad odors.
Food
They eat slingshots about 3 times a day, with the exception of only new-calving females: they are fed 4 times. If a cow needs to be milked, she is not fed prior to this process.
The total daily mass of coarsely ground feed is divided into several receptions; it is not recommended to give everything at once. Cereals and juicy foods are put in the morning and evening. The standard sequence in feed is concentrated, succulent and then roughage.
After a juicy meal, the cow can be watered. The water should not be too cold, between 10 ° C and not lower than the temperature in the stall.
When it comes time to pasture on the meadows, the animals are examined by a veterinarian. They shouldn't have any contagious diseases. The change of feed is carried out gradually, so that from habit the cow does not have a digestive upset. When driving livestock to pasture, the owners throw them feed into the troughs so that they do not go hungry.
Additional Information
Offspring growth
Newborn calves usually weigh 23-29 kg, but by 6 months they gain 150 kg in weight, and some manage to grow up to 650 kg.
Performance nuances
The cow gives milk with a fat content of about 4-5%, less often - 6%, the protein content in it is up to 4%. The milk yield also varies: from 2700 to 6000 kg, sometimes 8000 kg of milk. High lethal yield: from 50 to 62%.
In conditions of good feeding, the animal gains fat quickly. The owners, whose goal is intensive fattening, achieve a gain in live weight of up to 1 kg per day. But even with a decrease in the nutritional value of the diet and its amount, Krasnogorbatov cows can remain plump for a long time.
Until the sixth lactation, milk yield from cows continues to grow, however, already at the 7th lactation, milk yield falls, albeit insignificantly.
Milk quality
Dairy products are distinguished by their excellent taste characteristics. The high percentage of protein and fat makes it possible to produce high quality hard cheese and delicious cream from milk.