Entoloma mushroom poisonous
The poisonous entoloma mushroom, or pewter, belongs to the inedible representatives of the Agaric order from the Entolomaceae family. In the literature, another name for the fungus is also found - rose-leaf.
Entoloma mushroom poisonous
Botanical characteristic
According to the description, this mushroom belongs to the saprotopha - destroyers of the dead remains of living organisms. The fruiting body has a typical cap-peduncular structure. A characteristic feature of the family is the absence of a veil and plates adhered to the mushroom stem or descending onto it.
The rose-leaf is the largest species in the family, which has about a thousand species.
Among other Russian folk names - tin entoloma, yellow-gray pink plate. The generic name in Latin is due to the rolled-up edges of the mushroom cap.
The mushroom cap grows up to 5-17 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 25 cm. The surface of young specimens is painted in a dirty milky color, closer to white, sometimes ocher with a gray tint. In adult rosacea, the mushroom cap is gray with brown, sometimes ashy, the surface is smooth. The central part may have small folds in adult mushrooms. In damp weather, the cap becomes sticky; as it dries, it acquires a shine.
The shape depends on the age of the mushroom:
- young specimens have a cap in the form of a hemisphere or bell-conical, its edges are tucked towards the mushroom leg,
- over time, the appearance of the cap changes to flat with a convex blunt center (tubercle) or spread, the edges of which are even or wavy,
- in overgrown mushrooms, the cap shape takes the form of a sunken irregular circle.
The mushroom pulp is dense and thick-fleshed in structure, the color is closer to white, the color does not change with mechanical damage, even strong. The smell is similar to mealy, in overgrown mushrooms it becomes rancid.
The mushroom plates of the rosacea are wide enough, 0.8-1.5 cm, sparsely planted, and have a crescent shape. The color is initially yellowish; over time, it acquires a pink or reddish tint. The edges are darker than the center.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Reading the morphological description of the fungus, we are faced with the fact that the plates are often called "narrow" or "wide" and the dimensions are indicated in millimeters. But looking at them, it becomes unclear why? They are all narrow! In fact, we mean their width from the point of attachment to the cap to the lower border of the plate - this will be its width.
In addition, there are cases, as with poisonous entola, for which some representatives of the species may have an alternation of plates (plates) and plates. Everything is simple here - you just have to look at the hymenophore and everything becomes clear - longer are plates, shorter ones are plates.
The mushroom stem is in the form of a cylinder, located in the center, it can be curved and thickened closer to the base. Its length is 4-15 cm, thickness is 1-3.5 cm. It is dense in structure. In young specimens it is solid, in adult fungi it is spongy.The color of the mushroom leg is initially white, later it becomes yellowish or takes on a gray tint. Under mechanical stress, it changes to brown. The surface is silky, with mealy in the upper part, and without coating in the lower part.
Growing geography
The rose-colored plate is a relatively rare species. Entoloma poisonous grows mainly on heavy clay soils or on soils in which there is a large amount of limestone. It settles singly or in small groups, choosing lighted areas of deciduous and mixed forests, parks and oak groves.
The rose-colored plate is rare
Able to form a symbiotic association of mycelium (mycorrhiza) with the roots of oak, beech and hornbeam, in rare cases - birch or willow.
Active fruiting in the rose-leaf plant begins in late May and ends in early October.
Tin entholoma prefers regions with warm climates. In Russia, it is found in the southern regions of the European part, in the North Caucasus and in the South Siberian regions, less often in the Murmansk region and Karelia.
Similar varieties
The poisonous entoloma has a number of edible species that are similar in terms of appearance. When picking mushrooms, it is important to be able to correctly distinguish them from the poisonous twin:
- Hanging: it differs from the rosacea only in the plates descending towards the mushroom peduncle; the mushrooms are often the same in color.
- Garden entoloma: unlike the poisonous one, it has a hygrophilous cap, i.e. swelling under the action of liquid, due to the loose arrangement of the mycelium filaments. This species - garden entoloma grows in other places, does not occur not in forests, but only in gardens and on meadow edges.
- Entoloma spring (May): in comparison with the poisonous rosacea, it has often planted narrow hymenophore plates, more often adhered to the pedicle.
- Smoky talker (blue): the mushroom is distinguished by the white and creamy color of often planted narrow plates, which slightly descend towards the mushroom stem and are easily separated from the cap; it also has a specific smell of flowers with rot.
- Pigeon row: unlike its poisonous counterpart, its silky cap is covered with colored specks, resembling specks on the surface of an egg, and the mushroom flesh turns pink when cut.
- Pechichitsa, or common champignon: its hymenophore plates are darker; a filmy ring is present on the mushroom stalk.
Among the poisonous varieties, similar to the rose-colored plate, the entholoma is noted squeezed, the mushroom leg of which is darker.
Signs of poisoning
In terms of nutritional qualities, entoloma belongs to the category of inedible ones, leading to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and causing "resinoid" syndrome, accompanied by bouts of vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Signs of poisoning occur 0.5-2 hours after intoxication, they begin with the appearance of headache and dizziness.
Treatment of poisoning with entoloma is nonspecific and with it, gastric lavage, saline laxatives (up to the onset of diarrhea and vomiting) and enterosorbents are prescribed. If the victim develops a well-expressed gasterointeritis, then in this case the so-called. water-electrolyte disorders "rule" with the introduction of blood-substituting fluids and prevent secondary infection of the gastrointestinal tract. All these procedures are assigned to those family members or those people who ate a mushroom dish with poisonous entola together.
Attention! The use of entoloma in large quantities is fatal.
Conclusion
The poisonous fungus entoloma poses a danger to human health, causing discharges. When consumed in large quantities, it is fatal. The risk of poisoning is due to the presence of similar edible species in the rose leaf: garden, May, etc.
