How to plant garlic in Siberia
Winter garlic is loaded with phytoncides, which makes it very beneficial. It is actively used for the preparation of various culinary delights, in the treatment of colds. Planting garlic in Siberia is practically no different from planting in other regions. Cold-hardy plants have regionalized varieties suitable for growing in different areas.
Planting garlic in Siberia
Winter garlic
Some farmers argue that planting winter garlic is a useless business, and its keeping quality is poor, but this is not at all the case. Spring garlic gives a comparatively lower yield. In addition, some varieties of winter garlic are stored for 9 months without losing their quality indicators, while spring garlic is stored for only 7 months.
Winter varieties are subdivided into:
- shooter;
- not shooting.
When to land
Traditionally, planting of garlic before winter in Siberia is carried out from 20.09 to 14.10. However, in 2017, the fall was warm. In this regard, the landing dates are shifted. It is correct to plant winter garlic 30-45 days before the onset of persistent cold weather. It is necessary to adjust the landing dates in accordance with the lunar calendar and synoptic forecasts.
Disembarkation recommendations
The ground should cool down to 10 ℃ during planting. It is very important to observe the timing of planting so that the plants have time to form a powerful root system before the onset of cold weather. With roots 6-9 cm long, without the formation of a ground part, the vegetable can survive any winter.
If the planting of garlic before winter in Siberia is carried out at a later date, the plants do not have time to form a sufficiently strong root system, as a result of which the roots may freeze out.
Early disembarkation
Early disembarkation leads to the rapid formation of the ground unit. Plants can freeze even with the first frost. Many farmers try to follow the lunar calendar when planting root crops. In Siberia, it is customary to plant winter garlic on the waning moon. It is not recommended to plant vegetables:
- at the full moon;
- on the new moon;
- when the Moon is in Aquarius.
It is better to land when the Earth satellite is in the constellation Taurus, Cancer, Libra, Scorpio or Pisces. All of these signs are considered productive. Planting these days will provide a good harvest with strong immunity.
Site selection
First you need to choose a good illuminated area with fertile soil. The site is fertilized before planting the previous plant. It is not recommended to plant garlic after potato crops, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and onions. The culture is returned to its original place after 3-5 years. You need to plant a root crop after garden crops that require abundant fertilization:
- zucchini;
- cucumbers;
- cabbage.
The root crop grows well on soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. The plant is demanding about the presence of nitrogen in the soil, but it is not recommended to apply manure immediately before planting. Quality indicators may suffer from this.During overheating, manure generates heat, due to which the garlic quickly forms the ground part, which leads to a decrease in the plant's immunity.
The highest yields are observed on sandy loam soils and loams. Heavy soils are additionally fertilized with sand, rotted compost, deciduous humus. It is not recommended to plant a crop in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater.
Variety selection
The variety must necessarily correspond to climatic conditions.
For Siberia, when choosing a variety of winter garlic, one should take into account that the culture is quite difficult to adapt to new climatic conditions. This can lead to a decrease in yield. Due to this feature, you need to select varieties that are zoned for your region.
Recommended varieties of winter garlic for growing in Siberia:
- Siberian shooter;
- Novosibirsk 1 not shooting;
- SIR-10;
- reliable;
- autumn;
- alcor;
- Scythian.
Preparation of planting material
The choice of good seedlings is important in obtaining a good harvest. The plant reproduces by cloves or bulbs. The larger the planted cloves, the better the harvest. Planting with whole heads heals the planting material, therefore it is recommended to alternate planting with teeth and heads annually.
The heads are divided into teeth just before planting. Each tooth should have a piece of the heel. To disinfect the seed, it is immersed in a saline or alkaline solution for 2 hours. A saline solution is prepared by adding 3 tbsp of water to 5 liters of water. l. salt. To make an alkaline solution, 0.5 kg of wood ash is diluted in 2 liters of water and boiled for 30 minutes.
It is very important to ensure that there are no pieces from the mother bulb on the cloves before planting. A dry hard bottom will inhibit moisture penetration and rooting. Before planting, the cloves are sorted by size. Only the outer teeth are suitable for planting, and the inner ones are used for food. The standard number of planting cloves is 40-50 pieces. per 1 m2.
Soil preparation
In the fall, you need to dig up the soil. Before that, a bucket of compost and humus is applied per 1 m2, about 1 tbsp. l. superphosphates and potassium, 1 tbsp. ash. To make the reaction of the soil neutral, add 200-300 g of fluffy lime in the spring under the previous culture. For heavy soils and loams, it is recommended to add 1 bucket of sand and peat.
Winter garlic is grown in 15 cm high beds in increments of up to 1 m. So the plants will evenly warm up from all sides. The rows are arranged from north to south so that the culture can get enough sunlight in the summer. Prolonged cloudy weather significantly reduces yields.
Landing
The heads or teeth are laid out in trenches with a step of 2 cm and sprinkled with well-loosened soil. Planting depth depends on the size of the planting material:
- large teeth - 6-7 cm;
- small - 3-4 cm.
If you do not plan to dig root crops in the coming autumn, then the distance between the cloves is increased to 4 cm. Too close planting can reduce the yield, the heads will be small. In addition, if the tops are too close, they block the path of the sun's rays, and root crops do not receive nutrients.
They put their teeth in small grooves. A distance of 25-30 cm is left between the rows. Then the soil is mulched with humus or sawdust. Deep planting will promote rapid rooting of plants and protect against freezing. It is not necessary to force the planting material into the furrows, this will delay the formation of the root system.
Care
Leaving is a very important point. To get a good harvest, you need to provide your plants with good care. If you live in a region with snowy winters, mulching the soil is not necessary at all. During the winter, it is necessary to check whether the crops are well covered. Cover them additionally if necessary:
- sprinkle with last year's foliage;
- cover with snow.
The first shoots of winter garlic appear in the spring, when the snow has not melted yet. The sprouts are pink-purple. While the soil has not yet warmed up, in the spring, it is fertilized with a nitrogenous solution. For 1 m2, you will need 1 tsp. urea.
Throughout the summer, you need to loosen the soil and remove weeds. This will ensure optimal soil aeration. Garlic is a moisture-loving plant, therefore, after the first shoots appear, the plantings are watered 3-4 times with an interval of 10-15 days for 1.5 months. Watering is abundant, water is poured into the aisles. Then water the plants as needed.
After each watering and precipitation, you need to loosen the soil. This prevents the formation of a hard crust. Shooting varieties shoot arrows in June. If a vegetable is grown in order to collect planting material for the next year, they are left until fully ripe, if not, they are removed. Removing the arrows allows you to increase the weight of the root crops by 40%.
Conclusion
Winter garlic varieties perfectly adapt to Siberian conditions, they can be planted in any part of the region. Planting vegetables in the fall allows you to enjoy fresh garlic throughout the summer. It has a high keeping quality and is well transported. You can choose a variety with or without arrows. When choosing a variety for planting in Siberia, it should be borne in mind that winter garlic takes a long time to acclimatize, therefore it is recommended to use only zoned varieties.
Planting is carried out 30-45 days before the onset of persistent cold weather. Usually, disembarkation begins on the 20th in September. However, every year, autumn is getting warmer, so the dates begin to shift a little. Planting too early, as well as late, will provoke a decrease in yield. For planting, choose the largest heads or teeth from the outside.
The soil is prepared in spring, fertilizing it under the predecessor plant. Too moist, dense soils are completely unsuitable for growing crops. When planting winter garlic, it is important to follow the rules of crop rotation. You should not plant the culture in the same place. Growing in cold regions requires additional soil mulching after planting, especially if not much snow falls in winter.
The planting depth is regulated depending on the size of the planting material in the region. In the western part of Siberia, it is recommended to increase the depth. This will help the plants root better. The cloves should be planted at a distance of about 5 cm from each other so that the roots can develop normally.