How to plant garlic before winter in the Moscow region
Garlic is one of the most popular onion plants. It is actively used in cooking for preservation, preparation of hot and cold dishes. Undemanding to soil, but does not grow everywhere. Therefore, many gardeners are interested in planting garlic in the Moscow region and its features.
We plant garlic in the winter in the suburbs
It is inexpensive to grow garlic. Caring for him is simple. Does not need frequent feeding. Certain varieties have excellent yields.
Varieties of varieties
In the Moscow region, winter varieties of garlic are often planted. But the gardener should understand the features of each species. There are 2 large groups: shooting, non-shooting.
Notable varieties of arrowhead garlic:
- Bashkir 85 is an early ripe onion plant. The average weight of the onion is 64 g.
- Gribovsky 80 is an early ripening variety. The yield is high. Bulb weight - 100 g, It can contain up to 12 cloves.
- Jubilee Gribovsky - a garlic head consists of 11 cloves. It tolerates the winter period perfectly. It is characterized by a pungent taste.
- Sail - pungent smell, pungent taste. Mid-season high-yielding variety.
- Komsomolets - large heads weighing up to 120 grams. Resistant to many diseases of garden crops.
- Dungan local - with wide sharp teeth. The average weight of a bulb is 30-34 grams. One head has up to 7 teeth.
Existing types of arrowless garlic: Broadleaf 220 and Novosibirsk. Their taste is not too spicy, and the average weight is 25-45 grams. They are stored for up to six months.
Spring garlic is not planted in autumn, but in spring. The main difference with winter crops is external. Consists of many small teeth. They are arranged in several rows.
Attention should be paid to Rocambol. Bulbs are odnosebuki. Their average weight is 50 grams. But with a sufficient amount of light and heat, it reaches 100-110 grams. A 200 or 300 g bulb will grow in the 3rd or 4th year. Vegetable culture consists of vitamins A and C - iron, allicin, carbohydrates, proteins, carotene, essential oils.
Landing dates
The climatic and weather conditions affect the landing time. The universal rule is to carry out disembarkation within 40-50 days before frost and cold snaps. Garlic adapts to external factors (temperature, soil, humidity).
In the Moscow region, the optimal time is from September 18 to October 12. If this is done earlier, then the plant will not have time to get used to its habitat. The sprout forms in early autumn and can freeze when winter sets in.
The temperature should not be lower than 18 ° C. By mid-November, it will not exceed 10 ° C.
Cover with a film if the first winter days are snowy. Cover the vegetable with a sharp cold snap and severe frosts at night.
Moon calendar
Many gardeners rely only on personal experience. Some people trust the lunar calendars. On their basis, they make a forecast regarding the timing of sowing.
The phases of the moon affect the future harvest in different ways. There are auspicious and unfavorable days.
According to the lunar calendar for 2018, you can plant an onion plant in September and October:
- from 5 to 7 September;
- from 14 to 17 September;
- October 10, 22, 29.
By planting a vegetable at this time, the gardener will receive a rich harvest. All other days are unfavorable. In November 2018, it is possible to plant garlic only if the climatic conditions are appropriate.
Landing place
Pick the right soil
The Moscow region has a temperate continental climate. This does not allow the soil to be mulched correctly before planting. Do it at a different time - 2-3 weeks after planting.
Garlic grows well in sandy loam or light loamy soil. The site should not be flooded in the spring. Waterlogging of the soil will lead to loss of crops. The advantage will be the sunny side of the site.
Top dressing of the earth in the form of fresh manure is harmful to garlic. This can provoke fungal diseases. The quality of the product deteriorates, the yield level drops.
The width of the bed should be more than 1 m. This is necessary for the convenient growth of onion plants. The best location is east-west.
Predecessors
The yield of a vegetable crop depends on what products were previously grown in the soil. For the Moscow region, plants with a short growing season are considered excellent predecessors. Among them are:
- eggplant;
- zucchini;
- pumpkins;
- cucumbers;
- pepper;
- berry bushes;
- cabbage.
Experts do not recommend planting garlic where potatoes and other root crops previously grew. They clean up late. The earth does not have time to recover.
You cannot plant garlic in place of onions. This is real only after 3-4 years.
Preparing garlic for planting
Garlic and soil must be prepared for planting
Having decided on the landing site, you need to properly prepare it. Digging the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm is a mandatory procedure. The earth needs to be loosened up to be saturated with oxygen.
For better growth of the vegetable, all weeds, stones, debris are dug up. They prevent the garlic from sprouting normally.
Fertilizers
Top dressing is necessary to enrich the land with useful and nutrients. For garlic, the following fertilizers will be effective:
- humus (compost) - 30-60 tons per hectare;
- micronutrient fertilizers - help to survive the winter with minimal damage;
- nitrogen - introduced when sprouts appear;
- nitroammofoska (potash) - added a month after nitrogen-phosphorus;
- phosphoric - contribute to the set of the necessary mass, the good development of the aerial part, the saturation of the cloves with valuable substances.
Some remedies are applied before landing. Others - during the growing season in order to support the growth of development.
Preparing the soil in autumn will prevent the teeth from sinking too deep into the ground. This will positively affect the yield in the spring. They must be soaked in a manganese solution 2 days before planting. It is a protective procedure to prevent disease and build pest resistance.
Landing rules
In the Moscow region, winter varieties of garlic are planted in grooves up to 10 cm deep.The distance from the clove to the surface is 6 cm.
For convenience, conditional markings are made on the garden bed. Oktyabrina Ganichkina, a famous Russian gardener, adhere to the following parameters:
- distance between rows 25-35 cm;
- not less than 10 cm between the cloves.
The cloves are planted in pre-prepared holes. There may be single teeth or separate large teeth.
Planting garlic before winter in the Moscow region is carried out with bulbs. They help to freshen up the soil and heal the seed. The seeds must be sized. Planting is carried out independently on small fields or with the help of a seeder on beds of more than 10 hectares. It is necessary to plant seeds to a depth of 3-5 cm.
Care
After planting, be sure to properly care for the garlic.
Winter onion plants tolerate winter well. Thanks to this, there is no need for special care. Sometimes it is enough to carry out top dressing or treat the soil with fertilizers.
In the spring, after the snow melts, the mulch is removed. This procedure will help the vegetable to germinate faster.In early July, arrows appear in the corresponding varieties of garlic. They break out when they reach 10 cm or more. They inhibit the growth process. If not removed, the bulbs will be light and the cloves small.
Treatment and prevention of diseases
Garlic is immune to pests and fungal infections. But it needs strengthening and processing with special means. Gardeners of the Moscow region use the following preventive treatment options:
- Manganese solution. The cloves can be placed in it for a day or 30 minutes. They will be saturated with nutrients. After the cloves are planted in the ground.
- Saline solution. Dissolve 3 tablespoons of salt in 5 liters of water. The mixture is boiled for about 30 minutes and cooled. Application - disinfection of teeth.
- Ash. 350-400 grams of ash is mixed with 2 liters of water. For about half an hour, the liquid is boiled and then cooled down. The planting material must be in the solution for at least 30 minutes.
- A solution based on copper sulfate. Stir with water in a ratio of 10 l: 1 tsp.
Be sure to respect the proportions and time limits. This will increase the effectiveness of actions.
Conclusion
In the Moscow region, it is customary to grow garlic before winter. Proper care and favorable climatic conditions are the key to a good harvest. The gardener needs to decide on a planting site, a variety of garlic. Preparation is an important step in gardening, so the cloves or bulbs must be soaked in a nutrient solution in advance.
Garlic is resistant to diseases, pests and quickly adapts to habitat conditions. Does not require frequent watering and feeding. Due to its pungent taste and pleasant aroma, it is often used in cooking and medicine.