Diseases and prevention of table garlic
Diseases and pests of garlic, it would seem, this topic has no right to exist. After all, the culture is a fungicide and it is often used as a medicine to fight many disease conditions, infections and harmful bacteria, garlic is a panacea for many diseases. But, to the great regret of gardeners, the plant is very often damaged by various diseases and pests of garlic. The article will discuss the most common diseases of the winter plant, methods of prevention and control of them.
Diseases and prevention of table garlic
Fungi
Many disease states of culture are caused by fungi. Gardeners should familiarize themselves with them, as well as methods of combating and preventing diseases.
Mulching the soil with peat, sawdust or humus reduces the risk of developing fungal diseases of garlic. Also, much attention should be paid to the storage conditions of the fruit.
Downy mildew (downy mildew)
Caused by fungi of the same species. Fungal spores can be easily identified by analyzing soil, garlic bulbs. They are everywhere, but the culture only gets sick when there are favorable reasons for fungi: high air humidity, temperature too low or high for a particular time of the year, non-observance of the required distance between plants, which makes it difficult to get sunlight. The painful condition at the initial stage is manifested by yellowing of the leaves, then they become covered with brown spots, which eventually turn into a gray bloom. The disease progresses, the entire leaf is affected. The infection spreads to the bulb, which stops growing, and it will not be possible to save the plant without timely treatment.
Prevention and control of the disease:
- before planting, it is necessary to carefully sort out the planting material, discard the cloves with thick scales and disinfect the cloves with a solution of potassium permanganate;
- if the leaves on the culture turn yellow, it is necessary to remove them so that the infection does not spread to adjacent plates.
After harvesting, the bulbs should be dried in the sun for a week. In this case, garlic diseases will not affect the fruit.
Rust
It often happens that the garlic is well-groomed, well fertilized and watered, but the leaves on it turn yellow. What is the reason? The point, of course, is the disease. Rust is caused by rust spores. At first, the leaves are covered with spots, then they turn yellow, turn black and generally dry out.
Preventive measures and treatment of winter garlic:
- disinfection of seed material before planting;
- removal of diseased leaves and plants;
- treat with Bordeaux liquid and tar soap infusion.
It is known that it is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it. Preventive measures will prevent the development of the disease.
Fusarium
This fungal disease manifests itself as brown streaks on the leaves.It is necessary to remove them in a timely manner, otherwise the disease will affect the bulbs, and they will begin to rot. During storage, white rot covers the infected bulb.
The methods of prevention and control are the same as with the previously listed fungal disease states. The condition of the plant and its leaf plates should be carefully checked every week.
Neck rot
This painful condition manifests itself during storage of winter garlic bulbs. But an experienced gardener notices that by the end of summer the leaves of the plant droop. The neck of the bulb softens, an unpleasant odor emanates from it. Over time, the scales become covered with gray spots.
Protecting garlic is possible
An excess of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil is the main cause of the disease. This should not be overused, especially at the end of the growing season. You need to choose a crop on sunny days, then dry it thoroughly. Store the bulbs in a cool, zero temperature room. This will stop the decay processes.
Black mold
Diseases of fungal etiology affect fruits during storage if the conditions are not met. Elevated air temperature, humidity, unventilated room provoke the development of the disease.
The teeth become soft and then dry out. Black dust (spores) appears under the scales, which can reach healthy heads by air.
In order to prevent a painful condition, the drug "Fitosporin" is successfully used. A solution of the fungicide should be used to treat the soil, planting material and the storage room for the crop. This helps to deal with black mold.
Green rot
The painful condition, like black rot, affects the crop if stored improperly. High humidity and damage on the bulbs contribute to the formation of brown-green putrefactive foci.
The crop decays after 1-3 months and gradually all the fruits disappear. Compliance with the storage conditions of the bulbs is a reliable and only prevention of the disease.
White rot
The painful condition of the plants is provoked by sclerotinia. They manifest themselves during the period of active growth of culture. At the initial stage, when white rot is just beginning to develop, the leaves die, then the root is affected: a white "mycelium" with a fleecy bloom forms on it. The bulbs become covered with small black dots - sclerotia and rot.
Timely detection of the disease allows you to more effectively fight the fungus to defeat it without significant damage to the plants. The affected leaves must be removed, and fungicide treatment is carried out.
Bacteriosis
The name of the disease suggests that it is provoked by bacteria. As a result of the defeat, the bulbs rot. The presence of a viral disease in garlic can be detected by the following signs:
- at the initial stage, the fetus softens;
- the scales turn yellow or brown;
- an unpleasant odor develops, indicating defeat.
The cause of the disease is improper storage of fruits - too humid and warm indoor air. Therefore, the disease is easier to prevent than to fight it.
Pests
There are also enough pests on garlic, they are not confused by the pungent and pungent smell of the plant. Here are some of them that could lead to his death:
- Stem nematode - Small, small worms can kill a healthy plant. They penetrate the leaves, stems and root systems of the plant, sucking the juices out of it. If you do not scare off pests in time with a saline solution (1 tbsp. Spoon for 3 liters. Water), then the culture will die. Her leaves wither, the roots dry out, the bulb dies. Pests strive for the next victim. The drug "Thunderbolt" copes well with the disease. They need to cultivate the soil before planting the crops. Damaged crops are burned, and the site for planting crops is used no earlier than after 4 years.
- Root mite - the pest infects the fruit during storage.But if, during planting, it falls into the ground along with the teeth, it can be activated during the period of crop growth. Penetrates into the bulb at the point where the roots emerge and breaks through the tunnels in it. In this case, the plant stops the growth of the teeth, and sometimes the head does not even tie. Prevention is the collection of burning off damaged plants.
- Garlic mite - this pest, like the stem nematode, feeds on the juice of the culture. After his bites, brown ulcers form on the organs of the culture. But, besides this, the pest is carriers of various viruses. The methods of control and prevention are identical to the control measures for root mites. Insecticide treatment is also carried out.
- Onion fly - the pest affects not only onion plantations, but also garlic. Lays eggs at the point where the leaves branch off from the stem. The larvae eat away the fruits and the plant dies. The measures of prevention and control of the pest of garlic and onions are the use of drugs that repel flies.
The insecticide "Agita" is very popular; from folk remedies, an infusion of wormwood or tansy is suitable, which repels dangerous pests with its unpleasant smell. Insecticide treatment is carried out no later than one month before harvest.
Prophylaxis
Garlic is widely used in cooking, it gives a piquant taste to dishes, complements and enriches them. Eat such dishes with pleasure. It goes well with meat, vegetables and mushrooms. In addition, a garlic bed benefits the garden. It protects other plantations from pests, with its infusion they fight many pests of crops.
Despite this, the plant is often attacked by diseases and pests of garlic. Fighting them brings a lot of trouble to gardeners, growing a crop requires a lot of effort, but most of them cannot imagine a table without sharp teeth.
Diseases and pests affect weak plants, therefore, poor-quality planting material cannot be used for planting. Before planting, the teeth must be treated with disinfecting solutions, suspicious bulbs are discarded. When planting, it is necessary to adhere to the correct spacing between crops in order to ensure that direct sunlight can reach the bases of the crop. Affected cultures must be treated with the necessary drugs on time.
Diseases of garlic and the fight against them are an important component of proper crop care. As noted in the article, most painful conditions develop from violations of the rules for storing crops. This can cause the death of all the fruits, and then all the efforts spent on its cultivation will be in vain. Diseases of garlic and their treatment should be known to every novice gardener, as well as to process the affected crops in time. This will allow him to grow a good harvest and save it.