The principle of artificial insemination of pigs
Often, artificial insemination of pigs is used to improve quality indicators and population growth. The method has a higher priority than natural insemination. The relevance of the method increases in the presence of a large number of livestock.
Artificial insemination of pigs
The advantages of the method and its essence
Artificial insemination of pigs makes it possible to cover a large number of sows with the semen of one breeding boar, and in the shortest possible time. For 12 months, the seminal fluid of one male can be inseminated up to half a thousand gilts. The most important advantage is the establishment of the best genetic qualities.
Semen can be transported over long distances if necessary, thus it becomes possible to improve the breeding qualities of livestock in remote areas or to preserve endangered species. Artificial insemination of pigs allows you to select only the best breeding material, as well as to exclude the transmission of diseases through sexual contact. Another advantage is the simplicity of the manipulation; no special equipment is required.
Covering several females at the same time makes it much easier to care for the piglets after birth. The difference between farrowings can be as little as 10 days. More than 100 females can be inseminated in just a few days.
The most important thing is to accurately determine the hunting period so that the female is ready for the process. Closer to the beginning of the hunt, it is necessary to conduct a daily inspection twice a day. It is necessary to accurately establish the day of the beginning and end of the mating season. For artificial insemination of pigs, a catheter is used, so it is very important to determine the position of the uterus. By following all the instructions, you can make manipulations at home.
Classification
Farmers use different techniques to inseminate sows:
- fraction;
- introduction of diluted seed.
The main difference between the methods is the way in which semen is introduced into the uterus. The second method involves the introduction of sperm concentrate. The amount of seminal fluid for one female is 150 ml. The biomaterial is diluted at the rate of 1 ml per 1 kg of body weight. To carry out artificial insemination at home, you need to prepare the equipment in advance.
To inseminate sows at home with diluted sperm, you will need a flask from which 2 plastic tubes will come out. All the necessary equipment is made from a certain type of plastic. Fractional insemination is carried out in 2 doses. Initially, fertilization is carried out with diluted seminal fluid, so that the seed penetrates into the upper uterine compartment.
Dilute semen with a solution of potassium chloride, glucose and boiled or distilled water. At the second stage, the biomaterial is re-injected into the uterine cavity. This solution allows you to create optimal conditions for the development of sperm.To carry out insemination of sows at home, you will need the following devices:
- case with thermostat and heating;
- 6 flasks: 3 x 100 ml, 3 x 250.
For pigs that have already given birth, use only 250 ml flasks. Semen is poured into one of the flasks, and glucose-saline solution into the two remaining ones. One flask holds 5 doses of solution and 5 doses of semen. To prevent sperm from settling at the bottom of the flask, it must be shaken periodically. The next step involves the use of a probe consisting of a pair of small flasks with two catheters, an air filter and clamps.
Process
When carrying out insemination at home, you first need to decide on the method of manipulation. When using any method, sterility must be observed. The external organs are thoroughly treated with soapy water. In order to learn more about insemination at home, you can watch a thematic video.
It is very important to take care of the secure fixation of the animal. This moment is key, both for human safety and in order not to damage the mucous epithelium of the genitals and viscera. To avoid such unpleasant moments, the catheters are made of resilient elastic plastic material. Before insertion, the probe is liberally lubricated with gel.
Sperm pass into the hollow part of the tube. By forcing air through the filter, the semen moves through the tube. The second tube is secured with a clamp. After the biomaterial enters the uterine cavity, the clamps are removed from the second tube for supplying the solution.
With artificial insemination, the sow may experience spontaneous vaginal contractions. It is necessary to wait until the spasms pass, otherwise the sperm will simply leak out and fertilization will not occur. Sperm is heated to 38 ° C before insemination. This temperature is the most optimal. Spasmodic contractions occur as a result of the introduction of too cold semen.
The main thing in the process of artificial insemination is the sterility of the equipment. At the end of all manipulations, the animal needs rest. You shouldn't let your pig out into the street. After a while, you can give the animal some food.
How to identify heatwave
Before carrying out artificial insemination, it is necessary to identify individuals ready for it. Pigs in estrus start to behave differently. You can check the readiness for insemination by showing the pig to the boar.If it emits a characteristic grunt and is noticeably animated, you can prepare for the procedure. With the onset of heat, the external genital organs become brighter and increase in size. There is bloody discharge from the labia.
To prepare the female for manipulation, she is stroked over the barrels without touching her back. So the animal will calm down, and will not kick when the moment comes to inject the seed. In addition to the sedative effect, this technique stimulates the uterine contractions, as a result of which the hormone oxytocin is produced. This allows you to increase the efficiency of fertilization, the uterus, by contracting, absorbs spermatozoa faster.
Pigs usually start hunting every 17-24 days. The fertilization results are checked after a week. If, at the sight of a wild boar, the female does not show signs of hunting, then the insemination process was successful. How to quickly inseminate a sow, you can find out from the corresponding video.
Preparation stages
Gilts reach puberty at 8-9 months. They can bear offspring already in a year. If the animal has already given birth, then in one pregnancy the pig can bear up to 12 piglets. The first litter usually includes 6-8 piglets. For successful breeding of pigs, it is important to follow several rules:
- the first fertilization can be carried out no earlier than 8-9 months;
- the body weight of the animal must be from 100 kg and more;
- all 12 nipples should be well developed.
The process of preparing Vietnamese and other types of pigs for artificial insemination implies enriching the animal's body with the necessary amount of vitamins and minerals so that the female can normally bear offspring and childbirth passed without complications. An important point in this matter is good nutrition and proper care. The diet is enriched with all kinds of greens and root crops, in winter - with legumes. The female should gain half a kilogram per day. Fermented milk and meat and bone meal can be added to maintain normal calcium levels.
In the case when artificial insemination will be carried out in the warm season, it is necessary to provide the pig with sufficient walking, so it can eat a sufficient amount of juicy greens. Before the procedure itself, the amount of concentrated feed, as well as fermented milk products is increased, calcium-containing substances and salt are added. It is important to ensure access to an adequate supply of clean drinking water.
Storage requirements for biomaterials
Before fertilizing pigs, it is necessary to collect biomaterial from the breeding male. A couple of times young males happen to females naturally, after which you can begin to accustom them to a stuffed animal. After some time, the boar develops a persistent reflex, and he makes a seat on a toy specimen. The room temperature should not fall below the 20 ° C mark. Illumination should be muted: if the light is too bright, the animal will become restless.
The toy is fixed in the boar's field of view. A rubber cover is placed on the back so that the animal does not slip. Inside the stuffed animal, the reservoir is fixed, and a hole is brought out to simulate the vagina. All parts are made of durable, safe material. An optimal temperature must be constantly maintained inside the artificial vagina, for which the reservoir is equipped with a thermostat and a heater.
The collected biomaterial must be properly stored, otherwise the sperm will lose the ability to fertilize. At a temperature of 18-25 ° C, fertilization should be carried out in the next hour. Low temperature is essential for long-term storage. Storage of biomaterial at 0 ° C allows you to use it for 2-3 days.
Conclusion
Increasing the number of pigs is the main goal of any breeder. In large pig farms, it is advisable to use an artificial insemination method. This makes it possible to cover a large number of females with the sperm of one breeding boar in a few days.
Preparation for the process involves enriching the diet with vitamin complexes. Individuals who have reached 9 months of age, with a weight of 100 kg or more, are allowed to insemination. An individual with a lower body weight is not able to bear offspring. More detailed information can be found in the video.