May Day breed of chickens

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Of particular interest to farmers is the Pervomaiskaya breed of chickens, which was the result of crossing three breeds - Rhode Ayand, White Wyandot and Yurlovskaya vociferous. As a result of painstaking selection work in the Pachelma state farm in the Penza region, it was possible to obtain a unique meat and egg tribe with good endurance.

May Day breed of chickens

a brief description of

• Productivity type: meat and egg breed
• Rooster weight: at 3 months - 1-1.5 kg, at six months - 1.8-2.7 kg, at the age of one - 3.2-3.5 kg.
• Chicken weight: mature, smaller - 2.3-2.6 kg.
• Onset of ovipositor: depending on the conditions of keeping, the first laying eggs are given at 5-7 months.
• Egg production: the amount per year is 180-200 pieces.
• Features: resistance to sudden temperature changes, diseases, demanding nutrition.
• Egg size: at the beginning of clutch, they reach a weight of 53-57 g, subsequent specimens are larger - 57-70 g.
• Good for Newbies: Yes.

Full description of the breed

May Day chicken looks different from others. Main settings:

• the head is medium in size with a small curved ridge;
• red earlobes;
• eye color - fiery;
• beak is yellow;
• the frame is strong, with a wide chest;
• legs are yellow, short;
• the tail is small, widened at the base, in relation to the body is located at an angle of 20 °;
• wings of medium length, tight to the body, gray-black tone;
• body color is yellowish.

The main plumage is white, the tail and neck are resinous.

The cost

You can order young growth and hatching eggs at VNITIP. The price for one day-old chicken is 60 rubles, an egg is 35 rubles.

Prices may vary depending on the season. It is more profitable to buy in August or September.

One adult costs from 600 to 2000 rubles.

Character

May Day chickens have a calm and peaceful character, get along well with young animals.

Roosters are not pugnacious or noisy. But in the event of a threat, they are ready to defend their tribe. Therefore, it is better to keep them separate from other breeds.

Productivity

This breed is distinguished by good meat and egg production.

Depending on the conditions of keeping, the first eggs of the laying hen begin to give at the age of 5-7 months. At the beginning of the clutch, they reach a weight of 53-57 g, subsequent specimens are larger - 57-70 g. The shell is brown.

In winter, egg production rates decrease.

The number per year is 180-200 pcs. After 1.5-2 years, productivity decreases significantly. At this time, young growth is launched to replace it.

• The weight of the males, depending on age, is different: at 3 months - 1-1.5 kg, in six months - 1.8-2.7 kg, per year - 3.2-3.5 kg.
• Smaller mature hens - 2.3-2.6 kg.

With a rationed and balanced diet, chickens rarely become overgrown with fat, so they are fed ad libitum to get tasty meat.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the main advantages of the breed are:

• fast weight gain;
• high resistance to many diseases;
• resistance to adverse weather conditions;
• balanced disposition;
• good survival rate of chicks;
• hens have an excellent hatching instinct, show perseverance and patience during hatching, the result is strong and healthy offspring.

Among the minuses, 2 points are distinguished - excessive fearfulness at an early age, as well as a significant decrease in egg production with a lack of vitamins and minerals.

Rules for successful breeding

Healthy individuals are suitable for breeding.

This breed is often used for selective breeding of more hardy and productive chickens.

However, in the household, breeders can also pay due attention to the poultry, and get high-quality and healthy young.

For breeding, a strict culling of females is carried out:

1. For signs of defects (curvature of the ridge, neck, etc.), they are selected at an early age - from 2 to 3 months. The last time the birds are taken after the end of juvenile molt, when their color is visible.
2. The largest and healthiest individuals are taken for divorce, which were bred by good brooding mothers. It is better to exclude closely related crossbreeding, because there is a high risk of breeding unhealthy offspring with various pathologies and defects.

Crossbreeding methods

In private poultry farming, 3 methods of breeding this breed are used, which allow avoiding closely related relationships.

1. First, they create two families far from kinship, each should have 2 roosters (main and spare). Two-year-old males are allowed to slaughter, and the young are left in the herd. In the 3rd year, a young cockerel is chosen from the opposite tribe to replace the old one. Laying hens are divided equally between the native and the parallel flock. Then the cycle is repeated. This method makes it possible to get strong and healthy offspring without mixing closely related blood for 7-10 years.
2. The whole herd is divided into 5 groups. 4 are crossed in two lines with the formation of hens from the first livestock with males of the second. And the fifth remains intact, is bred inside and later used for substitution. The families in which the selection of cocks takes place choose only large individuals, among the hens - the best layers.
3. In the presence of purebred males and the absence of good chickens, another method is suitable - they form a family with one rooster and outbred females. The resulting offspring are crossed with the second, the next with the third, etc. In the process of such breeding, a strict selection is carried out in terms of weight, appearance and exterior. The end result is a good purebred tribe.

Incubation

The above methods of breeding birds are quite laborious and not within the power of every breeder. To facilitate the task, poultry farmers use the incubator method.

The best time to purchase quality material is considered the middle or end of February, otherwise there is a high probability of misgrading.

Take medium-sized specimens that are not too pointed or blunt. The shell should be smooth and free of cracks. Eggs should not be washed before laying. The optimal age is 5-6 days.

For successful removal, the temperature is set to 40 ° C for a week, then every 7 days it is lowered by 1 ° C.

For uniform heating, the eggs must be constantly turned over - at least 3-4 times a day. Chicks hatch 20-21 days from the moment the eggs are laid in the incubator.

Almost 100% of the total brood of chickens with white feathers.

Care and feeding

The chicks are placed in a box or box lined with straw or a thick cloth.

Above for heating, a lamp with IR rays is installed. The optimum temperature for keeping in the first days of life is 23-25 ​​° C, the duration of the day is 21-22 hours.

After the cannon has dried and activated, the chicks are offered a chopped boiled chicken egg. After a couple of days, finely chopped green onions are added to the diet. They feed 5-6 times a day.

Weekly chickens are fed low-fat cottage cheese, cereals, boiled, grated carrots. On the 10th day, chalk, dry grain mixtures, and mash are added to the food.

To increase immunity, activity and strength, on the first day, they are soldered with a glucose solution - 50 g per liter of water. Then give pure water at room temperature.

After two weeks of keeping at home, the chicks are taken out into the fresh air.

Daily walks under the sun have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of young animals.

At the age of 1.5 months, they are transferred to a common tribe and given food for adults.

Keeping adult birds

The health, productivity and activity of birds in a private household depends on a properly equipped chicken coop, diet and walking area.

House requirements

There must be ventilation in the chicken coop

1. All surfaces are treated with slaked lime, then ventilated. The floor is sewn up with tin or other material to close the cracks and prevent rats and mice from entering.
2. Straw, sawdust or peat are used as flooring. The litter is laid on a sunny and dry day so that it does not absorb moisture. The thickness in the winter season is 40 cm, in the summer it is about 20 cm.
3. Indoors, they make perches for poultry 50 cm high, as well as nests for layers. For the nests, they choose a quiet and calm place where there is no bright light.
4. Use subdued blue or red lighting to promote good egg production and calmness.
5. The hen house should have good ventilation - it is provided by ajar windows or doors.
6. The optimal temperature regime in the winter season is 20-23 ° C, in the summer - 12-13 ° C.
7. Feeders and drinkers are installed on the floor at the rate of 3.5 cm, 2.5 cm for each chicken, respectively. Additionally, they put a wide bathing container. Fill it with dry clay, sand or ash.
8. For full growth and productivity, chickens require a space of 50 m³ per individual.

Feeding

Regardless of the season, the basis of the diet is compound feed - for one individual 120 g.

In summer, the bird eats greens, grass, various insects, gravel, shells. Additionally, she is given a mash of boiled, grated root vegetables, fruits and vegetables.

In the winter season, to compensate for the lack of nutrients, the daily menu includes sprouted cereals, chopped chalk, shellfish and grass flour.

A special diet is required for laying hens - fish and meat and bone meal are added to the feed, ground eggshells, as well as a vitamin and mineral complex. These ingredients increase productivity. Periodically, chickens are given proteins of animal origin - meat waste, return, broth 2-3 times a week. Nutritional supplements are introduced - 10 g of yeast, 3-4 drops of fish oil per 1 kg of feed.

For chickens, which are bred for hatching offspring, the amount of fatty and starchy components is reduced to 20% of the total diet.

If breeding for meat is planned, the rate of compound feed and mash is increased.

Drinking bowls change the water daily, pour cold in summer, and at room temperature in winter.

Place for walking

In the summer, as well as in the off-season, chickens need a place to walk.

An aviary fenced with slate or boards and covered with a net on top so that the birds do not leave the courtyard will do. For one individual, 2-3 m² is enough.

In the spring, the outdoor yard is sown with grass - clover, wheat, rye or oats, also sprinkled with shellfish and chalk.

In winter, it is covered with tin, and perches are installed under the cover. So the bird can be in the fresh air all year round and look for different food in the snow.

Molt and break of egg production

In the autumn season, in order not to stimulate artificial molt, poultry farmers gradually reduce the length of the light day.

This period lasts from 2 to 2.5 months. The bird loses its decorative qualities (loses its feathers) and completely stops laying eggs.

For quick recovery of chickens, poultry farmers provide adequate nutrition - feed with a high protein content and a reduced amount of calcium.

Protein contributes to the intensive build-up of feathers.

Replacing the herd

The life expectancy of chickens varies from 10 to 12 years, but breeders keep layers for no longer than 4 years, since then they completely stop laying eggs.

Birds that are bred for meat are ready for slaughter at the age of one.

In one year, a hen is able to hatch 2-3 broods, so it is not difficult to replace with pullets.

The selection of young animals is carried out three times - at a week of age, then at 3 and 5 months. At the same time, weak, skinny, defective birds are rejected.

Healthy young offspring reproduce all the characteristics of the parents.

Possible diseases

This breed is highly resistant to disease. Infections are attacked in the case of:

• violations of sanitary and hygienic standards in the chicken coop;
• poor and unbalanced feeding with a predominance of dry food - this leads to blockage of the goiter;
• under conditions of improper crossing of closely related breeds, the chicks hatch weak and with different defects;
• The most common problem of May Day chickens is indigestion, which is treated with a strong decoction of black tea or St. John's wort.

Breeder reviews

Farmers rate this breed differently:

• some are satisfied with the good indicators of egg and meat productivity, as well as the ability to reproduce independently within the tribe;
• others are alarmed by the fearfulness and cockiness of the young, as well as the high probability of crossing closely related individuals, and, as a result, getting unhealthy offspring;
• during molting, the chickens stop laying, so experienced farmers recommend keeping several layers of other breeds with continuous egg production in the courtyard.