Characteristics of the Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows
The birthplace of this breed is the Simbirsk province, where many experiments were carried out in order to breed a cow that would easily adapt to local climatic conditions. Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows belongs to the category of selection and was bred in the 18th century on the basis of local and German cattle breed.
Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows
Short description
The homeland of the species can be considered the Ulyanovsk region, where for the first time this "experiment" gave the desired result. The main direction in which the development and breeding of the breed took place was to obtain a meat and dairy specimen with characteristics that were inaccessible to most species. As a result, the breeders managed to achieve indicators of 4 thousand liters per year from one cow. At the same time, milk has a fat content of 4%. Thanks to these indicators, from a business point of view, this type can be confidently classified as profitable and highly efficient.
Outwardly, the Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows is distinguished by a strong physique, as well as excellent indicators of endurance in climatic conditions, which are classified as unstable.
Even taking into account the fact that this breed is becoming more and more popular every day and receives more and more positive reviews and characteristics, the total livestock does not exceed 1 million individuals, which is a rather modest result. The leaders in the number of goals at the moment are the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. Good indicators of the growing popularity of the breed are also recorded in Tatarstan and Bashkiria. A number of regions of our country have been gaining momentum lately and are reaching very decent rates.
Breed standards
Considering the relationship with the best breeds, the appearance of the Bestuzhev cows meets all existing standards. The fact is that foreign bulls were directly involved in the formation of the breed in question, its external characteristics are very attractive. Due to this, the average weight of a bull of the Bestuzhev breed on average reaches 1 ton, while females are able to gain weight up to 600 kg. Growth indicators for a bull are at the level of 1 m 60 cm, and for a cow - up to 140 cm.
The udder is well developed and is also bowl-shaped. The bull's head is massive, and there are several noticeable folds in the cervical region, while in cows it is of medium size and the presence of folds is often barely noticeable. The backs of these animals are even and massive, the limbs are distinguished by strength and good indicators of development. The Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows has massive and voluminous muscles. Breed standards suggest the predominance of a variegated red or red suit.
Breeding the described pets is excellent for obtaining meat or milk, and it is because of this versatility in the industry that this species is widely used for both purposes. Proof of the effectiveness of this approach are numerous records that are recorded on specialized farms, where milk yield from one cow often approaches or even exceeds the mark of ten tons of milk.
Bestuzhev calves
Young cows of the Bestuzhev breed are born by the standards of the species miniature, and rarely their weight exceeds the mark of 35 kg, while cases are recorded where calves at birth reach a weight of 40 kg. Due to this feature of newborns, adult cows do not face pathological changes, as well as other problems that often accompany the birth process.
The Bestuzhevskaya breed of cows without problems bears small calves, as a result of which they do not face psychological and physical trauma. At the same time, the cubs are born with good health, and further develop successfully. Confirmation of these words can be considered statistical data, which indicate that the survival rate of young animals exceeds 95%.
Good development and vigorous growth seen in the early stages of development after birth will help the calves to survive and remain active. The period of rapid development slows down at the age of three months, which contributes to the normal formation of internal organs and systems. The Bestuzhevskaya breed, already at the age of six months, is capable of gaining weight from 150 to 180 kg, depending on gender, however, the key condition for achieving such indicators is the correct diet, which is rich in all the necessary nutrients and vitamins.
Benefits of breeding a Bestuzhev cow
The Bestuzhevstka breed is becoming more and more popular, and this applies to both private farms and specialized farms, where breeding efficiency indicators are taken as a basis. In many ways, this breed attracts professional and novice breeders:
- good health and excellent resistance to most diseases affecting livestock;
- the simplicity in organizing the necessary conditions for keeping, explained by the unpretentiousness of the Bestuzhev breed of cows;
- rapid rates of adaptation to unstable climatic conditions.
Each of these factors is key, as experienced cattle breeders cite them as the most common housing problems.
Breeding specifics
Under conditions of normal adaptation, cows of this breed are able to begin high-quality reproduction in the shortest possible time. Having the right approach used in breeding processes allows you to get the gain of young stock at the optimal level, as well as significantly save on primary costs. The process of fattening calves of the Bestuzhev breed should begin one month after birth and continue until the age of one year. As feed during this period, you can use:
- hay;
- concentrates;
- silage.
When the bulls reach the age of one and a half years, fattening occurs with the use of hay, as well as enrichment of the daily diet with food waste. In addition, the use of the American system for rearing young animals can be effective. It involves keeping calves in the same room with an adult, so that, as needed, animals can suck in milk, supplementing the daily diet. The characteristic of this type of content indicates the emergence of a number of possibilities, but its implementation must be thought out and adapted to the existing conditions. American technology can also be applied to the pasture type of cultivation.
Conditions for increasing the economy
Young animals of the Bestuzhev breed of cows, upon reaching the age of 8 months, should be transferred to the area for keeping, where further fattening takes place, involving the addition of concentrate to the diet. At the same time, getting good offspring requires a particularly careful attitude and increased attention to the female, who will carry it in the future.
The cow that will calve in the future must receive an intensive diet, rich in substances necessary for optimal development. The preliminary preparation of the cow for insemination should involve some changes in the daily diet, where a third of the total volume should be taken up by the concentrate, and the remaining 70% should be covered by greens, silage or hay.
As already mentioned above, the Bestuzhev breed, due to the peculiarities of the development of the fetus, survives calving quite simply, and such nutrition provides intrauterine new life with all the necessary substances.
Content principles
It is quite simple to keep the Bestuzhev breed, since its key advantage is unpretentiousness. In addition, it easily and easily adapts to various conditions, so the geography of its breeding is constantly expanding. At the same time, in order to provide the bulls and cows of the Bestuzhev breed with optimal conditions, regular cleaning of the barn is necessary, since they need cleanliness. Ideally, carrying out general cleaning using special tools in the corrals should become a weekly procedure. This can help to ensure that the Bestuzhev cow does not face health problems.
It is very important that in the room where the Bestuzhevskaya cow is kept, a comfortable temperature regime is observed, which assumes a normal supply of fresh air in the summer, as well as warmth and dryness during cold weather. In order to avoid the onset and development of infection, bulls and cows should be regularly examined, and in case of problems, they should promptly seek help from a specialist. Observing how the cow is behaving can also identify a problem in time and take immediate action.
How to feed properly
Another condition for maintaining the health and optimal development of representatives of the Bestuzhev breed is control over the quality of food. Any breed of cows, including representatives of the Bestuzhevskaya breed, is very demanding on the quality of the daily diet, since spoiled food can cause serious problems with the gastrointestinal tract and significantly slow down the development of the animal.
The Bestuzhevskaya cow should receive the required amount of nutrients and vitamins every day, due to which the main characteristic - milk and meat abundance - becomes achievable. A cow that is preparing to become a mother should receive special nutrition that can be properly developed and selected by an experienced specialist in the field of veterinary medicine. Grazing bulls and cows should be very long, since such conditions are optimal for them.
Conclusion
Today, the Bestuzhevskaya cow is widely used in many farms, since it can bring good profits, as, in fact, breeding bulls of this breed. The main distinguishing features have already been listed, thanks to them, despite the fact that the animal world (in particular cows) is very diverse, many farms are able to boast of a breeding system for breeding this breed.
Some of the few shortcomings of the Bestuzhev breed are more than covered by those advantages that are visible to the naked eye. The average performance indicator for the breed is significantly ahead of the closest "pursuers", thanks to which the Bestuzhev breed can really be proud of.In general, the rate of popularization of the breed is not so high, however, the process is proceeding systematically, since the characteristics that it possesses cannot go unnoticed not only by specialists, but also by novice farmers.