Planting grapes in spring

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Growing grapes is a painstaking process that requires knowledge and skills. The growth and fruiting of seedlings depends on the correct planting. Planting grapes in spring involves following a number of rules. Step-by-step instructions for planting grapes in open ground will be useful for novice winegrowers.

Planting grapes in spring

Grape planting methods

There are two ways to plant grapes in spring:

• already ripe seedlings purchased in the nursery;
• cuttings from their own vineyard.

You can plant grapes with cuttings in spring or with seedlings. The second option is more common: properly prepared shanks require less maintenance.

Rooting cuttings

Procurement of planting material

Cuttings are cut in the fall. It is necessary to properly preserve and root them in winter so that by spring the material is ready for planting in open ground.

The preparation of grapes for planting in spring is carried out in several stages.

Shoots, which have been stored for a long time in a cool room, are removed and cut into cuttings with 3-4 buds. The top of each vine is cut off, stepping back a couple of centimeters from the nearest peephole. The lower cuts are made with a knife to remove the remains of the spoiled cambium.

After the harvest is made, the cuttings are dipped in distilled or boiled water for a day. To stimulate rooting, a root growth stimulator "Heteroauxin" is added to the water. You can also use another honey-based make-up - 15 g of bee product per bucket of water. Instead of heteroauxin, the drugs Fumara, Humisol, Charkora or sodium humate are used. The dosage is selected in accordance with the instructions on the package.

After a day of soaking, cuttings intended for planting grapes in spring are removed and dried for half an hour. After that, 2-3 longitudinal sections are made on each shank with a knife. Wounded places are poured with the drug "Kornevin".

The harvested vine of different varieties is folded separately and signed so as not to be confused when planting on the site.

Rooting process

To root grape shanks at home, you need any transparent container: a jar or a plastic bottle without a top. The bottom of the bottle is covered with a thick layer of cotton wool, then it is poured with warm boiled water.

To eliminate the risk of rotting cuttings, a weak solution of potassium permanganate is added to the container. To prevent cloudiness and blooming of water, you can put 1-2 pieces of charcoal on the bottom of the bottle.

After that, the vine is lowered into water and placed in a well-lit place, for example, on a windowsill.

Care features

The whole care of the shoots is to control the water level, which must remain the same.Moistened cotton wool - effective protection of the shanks from drying out. The roots appear in the place of the moistened part of the vines, or rather on their nodes.

Some gardeners use the technique of faster rooting of grape shoots. Transparent polyethylene is put on a container with shanks. In such conditions, the level of humidity rises, the risk of moisture evaporation is eliminated, and the shanks themselves release vegetative buds faster.

To speed up the process of rooting of vines, a container with planting material is placed on a radiator, with cardboard laid under it.

Forming seedlings

A seedling at home is formed in 3 weeks. First, buds appear on it, then roots appear on the lower sections. The rooting time is influenced by the quality of the shanks and their variety. In some cases, rooting begins a month or two months after the shafts are placed in a container with water.

Sometimes cuttings release only buds, without roots. In this case, the strongest stepchildren are removed, leaving one branch. It is permissible to leave the weakest branch: it gives roots faster than a large and thick vine. The first shoot deprives the future seedling of the necessary nutrients, therefore, rooting from strong and dense shanks often fails: the roots never appear.

All the buds that appear on the shoots are immediately removed, since they deplete the vine and take juice from it.

If kalyus tubercles appeared on the lower cut of the vine, the rooting process was successful. It is from these tubercles that the roots develop.

Selection of seedlings in the nursery

Choosing a grape variety

The growth, development and fruiting of the vineyard depends on the quality of the purchased material.

When purchasing seedlings in the nursery, they pay attention to their appearance. Any signs of illness indicate that such a seedling is sick and should not be bought.

For growing grapes at home, they choose annual seedlings with several thick roots up to 10 cm long.

Before planting in open ground, the seedlings are disinfected. To do this, use a special solution of 200 g of heteroauxin; 400 g of clay and 10 liters of water.

Pre-planting preparation

The first step is to prepare a suitable area with good soil for planting grapes.

Site preparation

It is recommended to plant grape cuttings in spring or purchased seedlings with roots in a well-sunlit area, since grapes are a light-loving culture. At the same time, it is important that the vineyard is located in a windless place.

Grape cuttings are planted in spring in two ways:

• planting into sandy ground is carried out by laying seedlings in a dug trench;
• on loamy soil, it is recommended to plant grapes on the ridges.

Spring planting of grapes in an area with a close passage of groundwater is not recommended: a low-lying area will not be able to grow a good vineyard, moreover, it will bear poor fruit or even die from an excess of moisture.

It is necessary to plant grapes in fertile soil in spring. If there is no fertile soil on the site, you will have to prepare it. In this case, the planting material is planted in a fertile pit.

To prepare a fertile pit, you will need loose, light and humus-rich garden soil with a neutral pH level.

Disembarkation dates

Spring planting of branches with roots or grape seedlings in open ground in different regions of the country is carried out at different times. The main condition for planting is a favorable air temperature (15 ° C) and soil (10 ° C).

The optimal landing time for the southern regions is late March-mid-May, in the middle lane - the second half of April-early June.

Harvesting a pit for planting

To prepare, the hole is not only dug, but also fertilized correctly. A planting pit for planting seedlings and chubuk is being prepared in the fall. It is fertilized with nutrients. The optimal size of the landing pit is 80 cubic meters. see This space is enough for planting roots and fertilizers in subsequent years of growing seedlings.

During the excavation, the soil heaps are divided into 2 parts. One pile will go under the top layer, the other will be used for the bottom layer. The layer of the planting pit should not exceed 10 cm. The first layer of earth is laid on the bottom of the planting pit, since it is the most nutritious. After that, a layer of nutrient mixture with a depth of 10 cm is laid. For its preparation, 40 kg of manure, 0.5 kg of nitrogenous fertilizers and 0.5 kg of wood ash are taken. On top of this mixture is laid 10 cm of fertile garden soil. Everything is mixed, a layer of fertile soil is poured on top. Laying the ground is carried out until a distance of 20 cm remains to the top of the pit.

Such a planting pit for planting grapes during the winter will absorb moisture and, together with nutrients, will become an excellent base for growing a young vineyard.

Planting grapes

Seedling ready

It is necessary to plant grapes in the spring in the center of the planting pit. During the winter, the landing pit managed to absorb moisture and sag well. A depression (40 cm) is made in the center of the prepared hole. At the bottom of the dug hole there is a mound on which grapes will be planted.

In spring, grape cuttings are planted in the soil along with the roots up to the first lowest bud of the cuttings. Then the soil is slightly trampled down, watering is carried out. Up to 10 liters of water are consumed under one plant.

To preserve the moisture content of the soil and prevent the vines and roots from drying out, after planting, the plants are covered with a garden film or a voluminous and transparent container. As soon as the threat of the last frost passes and the plants adapt to the new growing conditions, the shelter is removed.

One-year-old lignified seedlings are mulched with a layer of earth (20 cm). Vegetative shoots (sprouted stems) are sprinkled with sand and covered with a cardboard box, making a hole for the vine to pass. After 2 weeks, the young vineyard is freed from soil and such imprisonment.

Care features

Basic rules for crop care:

• Regular loosening of the soil, which ensures its moisture and air permeability.
• Restriction of watering for plantings. Frequent and mandatory is watering for young seedlings until they reach the age of two. Abundant watering of adult plants is carried out in early autumn. Also, do not water the bushes before flowering, otherwise all formed buds will crumble. Excess moisture will inhibit the ripening process of berries.
• Lack of shading of young plants. In the shade, they will develop poorly and give a meager harvest of berries.
• Lack of dressing until the seedlings reach 3 years. Fertilized soil contains enough nutrients, which will be enough for the plant for several years.

In this way, you can plant grapes of all edible varieties: isabella, rkatsiteli, moldova, etc.

Helpful hints and tips

In order for a young vineyard to develop well and bear fruit, it is necessary to follow the rules of its spring planting and cultivation:

• You need to plant grapes in the spring according to a certain scheme. Each variety has its own planting scheme. For varieties and hybrids of the juice-wine direction, the distance between the seedlings is maintained at 80 cm, for table varieties - 1.5 m.The row spacing is 2-2.5 m.
• An important role is played by the correct grouping of plants in terms of ripening, frost resistance. This approach is necessary to provide timely and proper care for the vineyard. So it will turn out to exclude unnecessary procedures for spraying plants and their shelter, and this will greatly facilitate care.
• Grafted seedlings are recommended to be planted not vertically, but at an angle, tilting as much as possible to the ground, otherwise the development of a young plant will be problematic.
• During growth, grapes with vertical polarity are tied upright to a trellis. This care will ensure that the seedlings grow equally.
• Sprinkling is another harmful water treatment for grapes. If you water the grapes on the leaf too often, this can provoke the development of a number of diseases.In addition, in overly moist soil, plant roots can rot.

Planting maiden grapes

Maiden grapes are decorative varieties. It is an excellent decoration for gazebos, arches, terraces and other homesteads and structures. Saplings or sprouted shoots of a plant should be planted in a loose, moisture-permeable and fertile soil with a low level of acidity.

For seedlings, they dig a hole 60 cm deep, 50 cm wide. The dug soil is mixed with a bucket of compost or humus, half a bucket of sand is added. Half a liter of ash and 200 g of phosphate fertilizers are placed at the bottom of the planting pit. The nutrient mixture is mixed, laid with a mound. The roots are leveled on the hill, the seedling is dug in with earth, after which they are plentifully watered.

To grow a dense ground cover carpet, seedlings are planted thicker: at a distance of 60 cm from each other. You need to plant 2-3 branches in each hole. Until the grapes have time to grow, a support is installed next to it in the required direction.

In the process of growth, wild grapes are watered, tied up. Wild grapes do not need feeding. Also, it does not need to be covered, since it belongs to frost-resistant varieties.