What are the varieties of muscat grapes
There is a great variety of grape varieties and hybrids, each with its own purpose in industrial production and consumption. Muscat grapes are great for winemaking. They are used in both industrial and private production of aromatic wines.
Muscat grape varieties
White
Ultra-early white Muscat grapes - an achievement of the breeder Shatilov. According to the description, this culture loves a warm climate. The plant is planted in heavy loamy soil with the addition of pebbles.
The white hybrid grows well in rocky, sunlit places. For such soil, the plant clings well to the roots, easily takes root.
Brushes-cylinders weigh from 120 to 450 g. Salad-colored grapes, spherical, sweet on the palate, with a slight sourness and musky aftertaste. Harvesting is done after 4.5 months. The bunches are cut from the bushes much later to make the grapes as sweet as possible. White nutmeg is readily used in winemaking.
The disadvantages of culture include:
- weak frost resistance;
- high risk of infection by phylloxera, mildew, oidium, gray rot and spider mites.
In a dry summer period with a lack of moisture, the plant reduces the growth of stems.
Pink
Pink nutmeg grapes have a pronounced musky aroma and taste. Its description:
- foliage of a rich green color;
- twigs are reddish;
- brushes are in the shape of a cylinder, weigh about 0.2 kg;
- burgundy grapes, rounded, with a dense skin;
- grapes are sweet, soft, with a muscatel aroma.
The pink hybrid forms bisexual flowers, so it does not need pollination.
The main advantages include good shoot productivity (about 90%), average but stable yield. The crop ripens in 4 months.
In addition to its advantages, pink nutmeg also has some disadvantages:
- weak resistance to grape sores;
- susceptibility to damage by spider mites, leaf rollers and phylloxera
- susceptibility to peas and massive crop shedding.
Rose Muscat grapes require certain growth conditions. It is necessary to choose a sunny site for planting seedlings, fertilize the planting pit with humus and mineral fertilizers. After planting, provide the seedlings with competent care: water and feed them in time, properly cut and periodically loosen the soil.
Summer
The plant is not affected by disease
Summer Muscat grape is an early variety. The mass cut of the bunches is carried out after 4 months.
Characteristic:
- massive bushes;
- clusters are large, in the form of a cone or cylinder, the approximate weight of each is 650-700 g;
- the color of the grapes is amber, weight - 7-8 g, they taste juicy, sweet.
The summer hybrid is transported over long distances. He is not affected by parasites and sores.
Super red
It is the earliest hybrid of this group of grapes. The harvest ripens after 3 months.Bushes are tall. The weight of the bunch is 0.5 kg. The fruits of the super-red variety have a spherical shape, when ripe they are dark purple, and in the process of ripening they are red.
The super-red hybrid is used in the production of table wines. A delicious drink is made from it - a musk drink with a pleasant musky aroma. It is a frost-resistant crop with good immunity against all types of rot.
The super-red hybrid has one drawback: it is weakly resistant to powdery mildew.
Novoshakhtinsky
This form was bred on the basis of 2 species: the superearly red nutmeg and the Talisman variety. This is an early species: the berries ripen in 3-3.5 months.
It is distinguished by good fertility and high self-pollination ability.
It is a large blue hybrid. The weight of one grape is 10 g. The grapes are dark blue, covered with a thin skin, which is practically not felt when eaten. The bunches are massive - about 0.6 kg.
Novoshakhtinsky is a frost-resistant variety that easily tolerates temperatures down to -24 ° C. The yield indicators are high. The grapes are well preserved, have an excellent presentation and taste.
Novoshakhtinsky species tolerates transportation well. Weakly resistant to diseases and parasites inherent in grapes.
Dievsky
Dievsky is a table type of white grape with a musky aftertaste. After ripening, the grapes turn yellow. Dievo hybrid is appreciated for its high commercial qualities and large-fruited. The weight of one fruit is 19 g. Fruits are egg-shaped or oval-shaped, juicy and fleshy
Conical brushes are slightly loose, their weight is from 0.6 to 0.8 kg.
The main advantages of the Dievsky variety are almost 100% ripeness of the vines, it is not prone to peas, the seedlings have a good survival rate and are characterized by great growth vigor.
Donskoy
The variety will delight you with a good yield.
Donskoy belongs to early maturing hybrids. The harvest ripens in 4 months, so this crop is of great value for the North, the Urals and the Moscow region.
The bunches are small, each weighing about 0.2 kg. The grapes are small. And this is the disadvantage of this culture. At the same time, the Donskoy hybrid has a consistently high yield. You get the first harvest in 3 years from the moment of planting the seedlings.
Other advantages of the Donskoy hybrid are increased resistance to many grape sores and the ability to tolerate low temperatures.
Pleven
The Pleven Muscat grape variety was bred by Bulgarian breeders. Its main characteristics:
- early maturity: ripening period is 4 months;
- large clusters - 0.6 kg;
- large berries, sweet, weighing from 9 to 11 g, oval, amber color;
- maturity of shoots is satisfactory - about 85%;
- tolerance of lowering the temperature to -25 °.
The cultivation technique is simple, fruiting begins as early as the third year after planting.
Blau
Blau Muscat grapes have high frost resistance (-39 ° C). The Swiss hybrid differs from other varieties in its early maturity and strong immunity. At the same time, Blau does not differ in high yields. Harvesting takes place in the middle of September, when it becomes sweeter.
The clusters are small, weighing about 0.3 kg, the fruits are large - 5-6 g. The color of the fruits of the Blue variety is black.
Hamburg
Plant of medium height, self-pollinated. Fruit clusters are small (each weighing 0.4-0.5 kg), in the form of a cone or cylinder. The ripening period of the Hamburg variety is 147 days.
The grapes are black, oval-shaped, with a thick skin, fleshy and juicy pulp.
The Hamburg variety of the breeder Arzumanov is universal.
Disadvantages - low winter hardiness, poor resistance to viral and fungal infections. It is often affected by phylloxera.
Italy
Bushes are tall, self-pollinated. The bunches of the Italy hybrid are loose, cylindrical or cylindrical-conical. The weight of one is 0.5-0.6 kg.
Fruits are oblong, with a compacted skin of amber or gold color.The grapes of the Italy variety are juicy, fleshy.
The table Italian hybrid has low frost resistance, rarely suffers from mildew, but is often affected by powdery mildew.
Dniester
The variety has a value for winemaking
The Dnestrovsky grape variety was developed by breeders of Moldova. The plant is medium-sized. The bridges are medium-sized, conical. The weight of one brush is 0.4-0.5 kg.
Fruits are black, round or oval. The pulp is juicy and crispy.
Good frost resistance: the variety can withstand temperatures as low as -25 ° C.
The hybrid form of Dnestrovsky grapes is of great value in the manufacture of sweet and semi-sweet alcoholic beverages.
Natukhaevsky
Natukhaevsky is a new technical hybrid of early ripening. The crop is removed after 4 months.
The variety is appreciated for its pleasant musky taste, which is felt not only when eating grapes, but also in the finished muscatel.
Natukhaevsky is resistant to almost all grape sores. It is often affected by phylloxera.
The grapes are medium-sized, the fruits are light blue, round. The brushes are slightly loose, cone-shaped. The berry is juicy, delicate in taste. The skin is not too firm.
Ottonel
Fruiting of the Ottonel variety falls on the 4th month. Harvested in mid or late September.
Fruits are round, golden, each weighing 4-5 g. The skin is not too dense, covered with dark brown spots. The flesh is crispy and sugary. The clusters are small, conical or shapeless. The mass of one brush is 90-100 g.
De Codru
De Codru is a mid-season variety, its ripening period is 4-4.5 months. Bushes are small in size. The bunches are large, each weighing 0.5-0.7 kg. The fruits are round, purple, with a pleasant musky aroma, weighing 8-10 g.
This is one of the best dark muscats used for making dessert wine drinks. It has good frost resistance (-25 ° C).
Muscat de Codru is weakly resistant to phylloxera, mildew and gray rot.
Rossoshansky golden
According to many breeders, Rossoshansky golden is the best northern variety, due to its high frost resistance (-30 ° C). South of the Moscow region, the plant bears less fruit and grows worse.
The variety is distinguished by good fertility, is not afraid of overloading the vines, and is rarely affected by diseases.
The berries remain on the bush for a long time - until October.
The grapes are golden brown, round or oval, small in size. The bunch is conical, loose, its weight is 150-200 g.
Kuibyshevsky
The table Kuibyshev variety has an excellent taste with a nutmeg aftertaste. Medium-sized brushes - 300-350 g. Large, globular grapes. The skin is lettuce color, covered with a light waxy bloom. Fruits with crispy, juicy and sweet pulp are used in the manufacture of sweet wines and are grown for fresh consumption.
Kuibyshevsky is valued for its good winter hardiness
The Kuibyshevsky hybrid is appreciated for its consistently high yield and good winter hardiness.
Criulensky
Hybrid Criuleansky early-middle ripening period (about 4 months). The bushes are vigorous, the vines are distinguished by good maturity.
The bunches are large, cylindrical or conical in shape, each weighing 700-800 g. The grapes are red-violet in color, the taste is sweet, with a slight sourness and musky aroma.
Frost resistance - -22 ° С. Resistance to powdery mildew and mildew is weak.
Nina
Nina's early-ripening nutmeg ripens in 3.5 months. Forms female and male flowers. Bunches of medium friability, cylindrical or conical, weight - 200-250 g.
The grapes are spherical, yellow-green, small. The skin is thin, the inside is juicy, with a pronounced nutmeg aroma.
The hybrid is frost-resistant, able to withstand temperatures as low as -29 ° C. Resistance to grape sores is rated at 3 points on a 10-point scale.
Paradise
Paradise is one of the most successful hybrid forms, which is highly resistant to diseases and pests.
The fruits are large, light yellow, oval in shape.The mass of each is 9-11 g. The pulp is juicy, crispy and sweet.
The fruits do not infect wasps, do not crack. The yield of the Paradise variety is consistently high, especially in the southern regions.
Hunger strikers
Golodrigi is an early-ripening variety for table and technical purposes (ripening period is about 4 months). The mass of one fruit is 3-4 g, bunches are 300 g. The shape of the brush is winged or cylindrical-conical. Low frost resistance (-23 ° C).
Hungry people are appreciated for their excellent taste, intensive growth of bushes, high yields and resistance to diseases.
Golden
This is an American mid-season grape, the harvest ripens at 130-135 days. The bushes are vigorous. The brushes are large - 500-600 g, cylindrical-conical, slightly loose. Fruits are amber, oval, each weighing 4-5 g.
Golden is a versatile hybrid intended for fresh consumption and for making dessert muskers. It is distinguished by good maturation of vines and a consistently high yield.
Gazebo
Arbor is an early middle self-pollinated hybrid. The grapes are large, oval, light pink or crimson. Small bunches weigh 300-400 g, loose.
The grapes are sweet, juicy, crunchy, with a bright nutmeg aroma.
The gazebo has good winter hardiness (-25 ° C-30 ° C). This type is more appreciated for its decorative qualities.
Other varieties
In addition to the above forms, it is very popular with winegrowers:
- white fetyaska;
- Katunsky (Armenian);
- Kuban;
- straw;
- muscaris;
- crystal;
- posada;
- favourite;
- noble;
- Troitsky;
- alexandrian red (alexandrian white).
Conclusion
Muscat grape varieties have unique qualities: good winter hardiness, unpretentious care. Growing one of the above listed species, it is easy to please yourself and your family with delicious wine with a pleasant Muscat aroma.