How to process grapes before winter
In order for the grapes to survive the winter well, the next year they brought a lot of berries, they are treated with solutions from parasites. After spraying, the vines are wrapped from frost. The processing of grapes before the shelter is carried out using well-known and affordable means.
Processing grapes before winter
How to prepare a culture for wintering
When the bunches of berries are collected, the grape bushes immediately begin to prepare for winter. Preparation includes the following steps:
- pruning vines;
- spraying bushes;
- shelter.
Frost-resistant varieties do not require shelter in the fall, but it is recommended to use chemicals and prune the vines.
It is important to eliminate all parasites that cause diseases. In winter, in a dense shelter, a dormant plant is especially vulnerable to pests if it is not treated.
Pruning bushes
The bushes are pruned after harvesting the entire crop and complete leaf fall. After the foliage has fallen off, the sap does not move through the inner vessels of the plant, the grapes are preparing for winter dormancy.
Extra young shoots are subject to removal. Several active shoots are left on the bush, which will give ovaries next spring. Cut off old dried branches, shoots with traces of rot, uneven color, mechanical damage: breaks, cracks. The procedure is carried out with a sharp disinfected instrument.
After pruning the grapes in the fall, treatment and shelter follow.
Spraying grapes from fungus
Processing grapes in the fall before sheltering for the winter is the most important method of preventing plant diseases. Pests can climb inside the shoots, survive frosts with the plant in a warm shelter, and in the spring get out and harm the culture.
To process a healthy bush, the following chemical agents are used to prevent fungal diseases:
- copper sulfate;
- slaked lime;
- Bordeaux liquid.
These simple and affordable remedies reliably prevent the development of fungal infections. They are also relatively safe and do not spoil the quality of the future harvest.
Iron vitriol is not used for autumn spraying of grape crops. The drug reduces resistance to cold - in severe frosts, the bushes will die. They are advised to spray in the spring, after removing the shelter.
How to prepare solutions
Autumn spraying of grapes before shelter for the winter is carried out with freshly prepared solutions. Prepare funds on their own at home.
To prepare copper sulfate, half a glass of the substance is dissolved in a bucket of clean warm water. The solution is thoroughly mixed so that no crystals remain. Bordeaux liquid in crystalline form (powder) is sold in garden stores, it is prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions on the packaging.
Slaked lime is not used for spraying, but for coating the shoots. The substance protects vines from mold processes during short-term warming.To prepare the lubricant, 1 kg of quicklime is poured into 3 liters of water, the solution is brought to the edges of the bucket with water, and mixed. The vines are coated with a regular paintbrush.
Spraying from bacteria
Processing before the shelter is carried out several times.
If you do not spray the vines from bacteria in the winter, an epidemic of disease will begin in the spring. The culture is particularly vulnerable to odium (powdery mildew) and mildew pathogens. Most often, these diseases develop after winter with frosts of about -30˚С.
Autumn treatment with the following chemicals helps to get rid of the causative agents of odium:
- "Topaz";
- "Impact";
- Saprol;
- "Euparen".
To protect against mildew, it is recommended to spray the plants with:
- "Kuproksat";
- Efal;
- "Kartotsid";
- Aviksil.
The listed drugs are also effective against downy mildew, anthracornosis and phomopsis. Varieties that ripen early are treated with chemicals immediately after the bunch is harvested, rather than after the fall.
Autumn processing before the shelter for the winter of diseased plants is carried out using the drug "Nitrafen". Usually the plant is sprayed several times at short intervals.
All grape spray products are sold in specialized stores. It is important to prepare solutions according to the instructions on the package, and carry out the processing, observing the rules of personal safety.
Conclusion
The autumn procedure for spraying the vines is a mandatory stage in preparing the plants for wintering. Ignoring the rules of prevention leads to loss of crops or death of bushes from diseases. Fungicidal and bactericidal solutions are easy to prepare at home.