Treatment of grapes from diseases and pests

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The grapes are grown in private plots for fruit production. Berries are consumed raw, and also processed into juices, compotes, preserves and used in the preparation of wine. Grape processing is an important process, the correct execution of which guarantees the quality and quantity of the harvest.

Treatment of grapes from diseases and pests

Grape processing methods

Methods for treating grapes from diseases and pests:

• bushes care;
• soil care;
• preventive and therapeutic pruning of branches.

The first spraying of grape bushes is carried out in the spring to prevent the appearance of harmful insects and viral diseases. For this, special chemicals are used, as well as folk remedies. The second spraying is carried out in the fall, during the preparation of the vine for winter.

An important factor is the safety of the chemical, as people and pets come into contact with the plant. It is required to spray the sleeves of grapes, vines, stems, as well as the area of ​​the trunk circle. Also, the soil near the bushes and in the aisles is partially treated with chemicals so that pests do not start in it. Spraying of grapes is carried out in means of protection.

Soil treatment

Processing the soil of the grapes allows you to saturate the plant with moisture and oxygen. It also prevents stagnation of water in the ground, which causes waterlogging. With high soil moisture, fungal diseases and rot appear. The time of the event is May.

The beginning of spring treatment should be immediately after pruning the bushes before the budding period. It includes loosening the soil to a depth of 12-16 cm. It is better to carry it out when it is warm outside and the top ball of the soil is dry. Also during this period, mulching, foliar processing of vineyards and the introduction of organic fertilizers are carried out, which improves the immunity of the plant.

The second time should be carried out in May, when a large number of weeds appear. Their timely removal is important, as they are carriers of diseases and harmful insects.

Factors affecting the frequency of soil treatment:

• weather;
• physical and chemical characteristics of the soil;
• clogging;
• grape sort.

Additional processing methods

To prevent the development of fungal diseases and the spread of pests, preventive pruning of grape bushes is carried out. It includes the removal of weak and dried shoots, as well as segments that have not survived frost. It is better to spray the grapes after pruning the bushes and before opening the buds.

They also remove dried branches that have been affected by the disease. Additionally, the vine is raised and fixed on supports or trellises. An important part is cleaning the bushes from dew roots that appear at a low height from the ground.

Chemicals

For the treatment of grapes from diseases and pests, the following means are used:

1. Fungicides. Chemicals, the action of which is aimed at the treatment of fungal diseases. They are used to spray grapes, as well as when treating seedlings from fungal spores.
2. Insecticides. Chemical preparations, the action of which is aimed at the destruction of harmful insects.

Contact drugs

The drugs do not harm the plant

These fungicides and insecticides act on the source of the disease through direct physical contact with the plant surface. They do not penetrate the cells of the bushes and have no effect on the development of grapes.

Characteristics of contact means:

• short interval between processing time and the possibility of harvesting;
• direct effect on fungal spores;
• lack of immunity from the pest to the remedy.

The negative side is the lack of effect from application with strong infection and penetration of the fungus into the cells. Also, the product is quickly washed off by rain, making it ineffective in rainy regions. The downside is that there are areas on the bushes that were not treated during spraying, and without contact there is no therapeutic effect.

Systemic drugs

They contain an active substance that acts systemically. This ensures complete protection of the grapes due to the penetration of the product into the plant tissue.

System Tools Benefits:

• treatment and prevention of the whole plant, even with a strong penetration depth of the fungus into the tissues;
• complete protection of the bush even from surface treatment of leaves;
• long-term preventive effect;
• does not wash off with water.

Disadvantages of system tools:

1. Long time between processing and harvesting. After using the system tool, you need to wait 20-30 days.
2. Strong resistance. To prevent the pest from adapting to the action of the agent, the treatment is carried out no more than 3 times. It is also required to use drugs with different chemical composition.

There are also systemic contact tools. They combine all the positive aspects of each of the groups, but require knowledge and skills to use

Purchased funds

Chemical preparations for grape diseases with a protective effect:

1. Bordeaux mixture. Effective against mildew. For preparation, mix 250 g of copper sulfate and 500 g of slaked lime per 10 liters of water. The Bordeaux mixture solution is stored for 24 hours.
2. Cupricol (Cupritox) 90%. It is used against mildew. It is required to dilute 20 g of the product in 5 liters of pure water. Stored for 24 hours.
3. Tsineb 80%. Preparation and storage are similar.
4. Homezacin (Cuprozan) 80%. Used for viral diseases. Preparation of 10 g of the product in 2.5 l of water. Stored for a day.
5. Polykhom 80%. Description similar to Homezacin.
6. Colloidal sulfur 80%. It is used to treat powdery mildew. For preparation, mix 100 g of the product in 10 liters of water. Stored for 48 hours.
7. Rovral 50%. It is used against gray rot and powdery mildew. For 5 liters of water, 8 g of the product is required. Stored for 24 hours.
8. Euparen 50%. Used to treat gray mold, oidium and mildew. For 2 liters of water, take 5 g of the product. Stored for 2 years.

Treatment will protect plants from disease

Chemicals with therapeutic effects:

1. Nitrafen paste 60%. It is used to treat phytopathogenic formations. In 5 liters of water, 12 g of paste. Stored for 2 years.
2. Inkstone. Has a complex effect. For 10 liters of water 350 g of the drug. Stored for an unlimited period.
3. Saprol 20%. It is used to treat powdery mildew and gray rot. For 5 liters of water, 5 g of the product. Stored for more than 2 years.
4. Sumileks 50%. The description is similar to Maprol, but is stored for no more than 24 months.
5. Ephal 65%. It is used against mildew. For 3 liters of water 10 g of the product. Stored for 2 years.

Other effective remedies

Spray and process the grapes with the following means:

• chorus;
• baking soda or soda solution;
• trichopolum;
• manganese;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• order;
• shavit;
• table vinegar;
• gibberelin;
• topaz;
• colloidal mixture;
• ridomil;
• urea;
• urea;
• soon;
• syngent;
• falcon.

Insecticides

Table of means by which grapes are treated against harmful insects.

Bush development phases

It is important to do the processing correctly

Grape processing is carried out in the following phases:

• peace;
• opening of the kidney;
• the appearance of 4-6 sheets;
• bloom;
• the initial period of fetal development;
• the appearance of color in berries;
• the softness of the fruit;
• post-harvest period.

It is better to create a schedule and scheme for processing grapes based on the stages of development, and not according to the calendar. This will help to carry out proper care, regardless of the climatic characteristics of the region.

Processing at different periods of development

At the beginning

The resting phase is a period at a temperature of 10 ℃. During this period, the bushes are treated with iron vitriol. The first procedure is carried out after removing the winter shelter. The kidneys should be in a dormant phase so as not to burn them.

During the period of the opening of the kidneys and the formation of a green cone, preventive treatment is carried out for the larvae of itch. They also examine the bush for diseases and dead segments. For processing during this period, Vermitek and BI-52 are used.

When the first leaves appear on the bush, they are treated for fungal infections. In May and March, the ambient temperature becomes suitable for their development.

In the middle

In the flowering phase, processing is carried out depending on the condition of the bush. It is better to carry out preventive procedures 4 days before the beginning of flowering or 5 days after the end. This period is important, since during this time infections spread at a high speed due to the vulnerability of the plant during flowering. A similar procedure is carried out when the fruit reaches a diameter of 4-6 mm.

Before flowering, grapes are treated with Ridomil Gold MC and Topaz. After flowering, spraying with Quadris and Strobi is carried out. Effectively use Cantus and Switch against rot.

In the initial phase of the formation of berries, treatment is carried out with Diatan EM 45-58, Delan, Tiovit, Jet and Vivando.

In the phase of emergence of flowers, the last systemic treatment is carried out, including the use of fungicides and insecticides. In June and July, they use systemic funds, and in August, contact ones.

In the final

When softening fruits, it is better not to use chemicals. Maturity will come in 2-3 weeks, and from chemicals the berries will become unsuitable for food. You can process grapes with Baikal or Fitosporin. These are microbiological preparations that are harmless to fruits due to their natural origin.

After harvesting, it is also required to process the grapes from diseases and pests. This will prevent the appearance of spores that overwinter on the plant, and new diseases will appear in the spring. Required to process Aktellik, Bordeaux liquid. Also used are Abiga Peak, Dnok, Syngenta and Cabrio-top.

Folk remedies and prevention

The processing of grapes is also carried out with folk preparations from natural ingredients. Their advantage is low cost, availability and ease of use.

Folk remedies against pests and diseases:

• ash infusion 1: 1;
• infusion of laundry soap, potassium permanganate, garlic and iodized salt;
• infusion of their old hay and hay dust;
• solution of potassium permanganate, sour potassium and calcined soda.

In summer, with a lot of rains, larvae appear, which gnaw a hole in the bush. Rot appears in the hole. To prevent this, a regular inspection of the vineyard is carried out. The presence of fungal diseases is indicated by white and blue spots, drying of foliage and wilting of fruits.

Also, summer rains cause other diseases of trees and shrubs. To prevent them, control over the ovary is carried out. When planting, it is required to ensure that the seedling is intact and without signs of disease.

Conclusion

The vineyard processing scheme depends on climatic conditions. They affect the timing of maturation and development. In addition to manual labor, agricultural machines are used for maintenance.

If you process the plant in the required time frame, then the yield will exceed the average for the variety. It is also important to apply potash, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers to the soil.