Growing grapes from cuttings
Grapes are a perennial shrub popular with gardeners for their taste. The fruits of the plant are eaten raw and also used for processing. A popular drink is made from berries - wine. Growing grapes from cuttings at home is one of the best ways to get a good harvest.
Growing grapes from cuttings
Slicing
The best time for cutting the shanks (not planting, but cutting) is autumn, when all the weak and diseased branches of the bush die off.
Spring is also suitable in the period before flowering. They are cut at the edges with a sharp blade. For this, branches are selected with a thickness of at least 1 cm and a length of about 40 cm.
Slicing rules:
- cutting grape cuttings in the fall is carried out only after all the leaves have fallen from the plant;
- choose grape shanks, which give the most bunches;
- grape cuttings are not made from too curved vines;
A prerequisite is the presence of 3-4 buds on the shank. The cut stalk is soaked. To do this, it is placed in a nutrient mixture or filtered warm water for 48 hours. Soaking the chubuk preserves all the nutrients necessary for growth. Copper sulfate diluted in water acts as a nutrient solution.
After the required time has elapsed, the soaked grape cuttings are divided into 2 parts so that both have an equal number of buds, and returned to the nutrient fluid. If the cultivation of grape seedlings from cuttings is planned in a box or pots, an incision is made at a right angle on each stem on one side.
Reproduction in autumn
Harvesting grape cuttings for growing in the fall should begin before the onset of frost. Preparatory processes have been carried out since the summer. For this, the soil is moistened, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied.
The ideal soil to plant homemade grapes is black soil. The growing area should be protected from drafts and well lit, without tall trees growing nearby.
Landing in the ground
Planting ready-made grape cuttings is carried out in the grooves.
To do this, the furrow is cut to a depth of 30 cm and a width of at least 20 cm. The distance between the rows should be at least 40 cm. When planting, mineral fertilizers, as well as compost and ash, are added to the groove.
The distance between seedlings in one row should be about 15 cm. The cuttings are planted in open ground so that they are inclined at right angles to the north. After planting, the seedlings are watered with plenty of water and spud in order to root better.
An alternative way is to plant grape cuttings in holes. Their depth should be about 25 cm, and their width should be at least 20 cm. The distance between them should not be less than 2 m. Two cuttings are planted in one hole at the same time, so that one just takes root.
the top layer of soil is loosened to provide oxygen to the roots.If the soil on the site is sandy, a hole is dug to a depth of 1 m.Water once a week with 50 liters of water, and the plantings are regularly fed.
Saving cuttings
To prevent grape cuttings from dying from winds and frosts, they are covered in winter. For the construction of the greenhouse, you will need metal racks and film. The height should be at least 50 cm. In such conditions, the cuttings grow until spring.
It is also effective to cover grape shanks with a layer of soil to a height of 40 cm. For better oxygen access and heat preservation, layers of soil, grass and dry branches alternate. From above, everything is also covered with a film, in which cuts are made with the beginning of spring.
Growing cuttings in spring
It is important to store the cuttings correctly
To plant seedlings in the spring, it is better to cut them in the fall before the cold weather and store them all winter. For safety, the cuttings are provided with comfortable conditions. This includes the correct temperature and humidity.
The first step is sorting the shanks by grade. Cuttings of the same species are tied with a string, put in a plastic bag or tightly wrapped in film.
Suitable for storing grape cuttings:
- fridge;
- basement;
- dacha.
It is easiest to store grape cuttings on the refrigerator shelf because the correct temperature is always provided, but this is applicable only with a small number of them. The basement is kept by those who are engaged in planting the cultivation of shanks for sale in a short time.
Saving cuttings at their summer cottage is carried out by simply burying them in the ground to a depth of 50-70 cm, where they are stored until spring. The disadvantage of this method is the need to periodically inspect them.
At high temperatures, the seedlings begin to swell. In this case, they are placed in a refrigerator so that the temperature drops, and then they are buried again, but not so deeply.
Training
Before planting in open ground, grape cuttings are examined to find out whether they are suitable or not. Chubuki, which are poorly preserved, have a sickly appearance and are covered with mold, are not used.
Preparing grape cuttings for cultivation also involves choosing strong seedlings. To determine the suitability of the cutting for planting, a small transverse incision is made.
If the cut site is dry and no droplets appear from it, the shank is thrown away. Such a seedling will not develop and will not bud and fruit. In good cuttings, juice comes out of the cut.
Also, the suitability of the seedlings is determined by the color of the cut. If nothing happened to the cuttings during the storage period, the wound will have a bright green color. If there are inclusions of different shades in the incision, the shank is determined as unsuitable.
The next step is the awakening of the seedlings. To do this, take a small container, fill it with slightly warm water and immerse the cuttings there after wintering. Chubuki are soaked for 48 hours. Then they are taken out of the water and placed in a growth stimulant solution for several hours, which affects the seedling's ability to develop roots. Next, the seedlings are planted in separate plastic jars, cups or pots with suitable soil.
Germinating cuttings in a bottle
To prepare the seedlings for open cultivation, the shanks are planted in plastic containers. Then they are transplanted into the ground. Stocking of shanks in a bottle for germination is carried out according to the following scheme:
- take a plastic bottle with a volume of 1-1.5 liters and cut the neck off with it;
- make 4-5 holes at the bottom of the container;
- a drainage layer is placed on the bottom of the bottle;
- soil mixture and sawdust for cultivation are poured on top to a height of 2/3 of the container;
- the cutting is planted in the ground at an angle so that the top of the seedling is at the levels of the top of the container;
- a layer of soaked sawdust is poured on top;
- The grape stalk is covered with a plastic cup or smaller bottle.
It is better to put the container with the seedling on the windowsill so that the eyes of the cutting look into the room, otherwise they dry out. Seated 1 cuttings in a bottle.
Inspect the cuttings regularly for mold
When the seedling has grown to a sufficient height, and the branches have sprouted the first shoots, the top cover is removed. Watering is carried out from the bottom using a pallet. A little water is poured into it and a container with a shank is placed for 20 minutes so that it is saturated with the required amount of moisture.
Bottled grapes require regular inspection. If the seedlings become moldy or covered with pus, they are removed.
Germination in glasses
Planting shafts in glasses at home for germination is carried out according to the following principle:
- take plastic glasses 0.3-0.5 l and make several holes in the bottom;
- prepare a soil mixture from earth, fertilizers, sawdust and sand.
- the bottom of the container is filled with a mixture of soil and deciduous soil to a height of 2-3 cm;
- put a 0.25 l plastic cup on top without holes in the bottom;
- the gap between the walls of a small and large container is filled with soil;
- clean river sand is added to a small glass and watered;
- a cutting is planted in the center of the sand, making a small depression under it;
- cover the stalk with a plastic bottle without a bottom so that only the walls remain, and watered.
Cuttings of grapes in a glass require daily moisture. For this, filtered warm water is used. When it becomes clear through the walls of the container that roots have appeared, and 3-4 new leaves are formed on the surface, the bottle is removed.
The finished plant is transplanted. To transplant, use an earthen mixture. Regardless of the method of germination, in late February-early May, planting is carried out in the same way as growing in autumn. In summer, you can also germinate in a jar, but it is forbidden to leave in the sun.
Propagation by green cuttings
To grow grapes from green cuttings, you need to prepare them. To do this, cut branches at the beginning of flowering or 2 weeks before it starts. Chubuki are chosen from broken branches and stepchildren. The cut segments are placed in a container in warm water immediately after separation from the main plant. The branches are divided so that there are 2 buds on each cutting.
At the bottom, the cut is made at a right angle near the bottom corner. The upper one is 2-3 cm higher from the hemp. All leaves and buds are removed from the shanks. Seedlings are grown in a jar or small pots in greenhouses with shading, which is removed at the beginning of active growth in order to get more buds from the vine. Soaking is not required.
A cellar is used to store seedlings in winter. In the absence of mature buds, green cuttings should be refrigerated at home. In early March, seedlings are planted in a container with soil mixture for additional growth.
Planting and growing grapes with green cuttings is carried out in a similar way to the classical method at the end of February or at the beginning of May. Green cuttings are planted in open ground in the fall, until January.
Care of cuttings
In order for the stems of grapes to grow successfully, and future bushes to give a good harvest, they need to be looked after.
In such regions of Russia. like the Moscow region, sometimes there is a drought. The cuttings are waxed to germinate better. Also, before the first shoots, they are regularly hilled, and the topsoil is loosened.
Caring for grape cuttings at home is carried out in various ways:
- Watering. Warm water is used, the seedlings are watered regularly. Lack of moisture causes the seedlings to dry out.
- Removing weeds. This eliminates the risk of disease, and also improves the nutrition of bushes and roots with oxygen and nutrients from the soil.
- Soil prevention. This includes fertilizing and fertilizing with mineral and organic substances.
- Tillage. Loosening of grapes is carried out 3 times a season. It should be handled carefully so as not to damage the bark system.
- Shelter for grapes. Planting grape cuttings requires mulching with hay.
- Removing unnecessary segments. If several shoots appear from the grape cuttings, it is better to leave 1.
- Deepening the seedling and processing it. In the middle of summer, the cutting is dug up and planted 20 cm deeper. It is also better to cut off excess parts and treat with a growth stimulator "Kornevin". This enhances rooting.
- By pruning unnecessary branches. This is especially required by wild grapes. Only strong and sturdy vines are left. To cut, use a pruner.
- Installation of trellises. This helps to stimulate the acceleration of growth and rooting of the plant, and also gives it support for branching.
Conclusion
To grow grapes from cuttings, they carry out regular crop care. An adult plant also requires the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers and timely watering, which is intensified in the first month of summer. Another step in leaving is trimming excess segments.
It is better to harvest a large number of seedlings for the winter, so that there is a choice of the strongest that will sprout in a short time. It is important to keep the trunk circle clean.