Swamp dremlik
The species included in the genus of dremliks exceed 250 representatives, which grow mainly in temperate latitudes - in the Eurasian, African and North American territories. The Russian flora numbers about 10 main species, among which the marsh dremlik is the most common.
Swamp dremlik
Botanical characteristic
Dremlik flower belongs to perennial herbaceous plants belonging to the orchid family.
The foliage is numerous, green, oval or lanceolate. The inflorescences are attached to the stem on twisted pedicels. Flowers are collected in racemose inflorescences. Depending on the species, they have a different color.
The plant got its name because of its unique appearance. During the flowering period, the lower inflorescences are the first to bloom, and in the upper part of the dremlik there are many "dormant" buds lowered from top to bottom.
Among the main types:
- swamp,
- giant,
- small-leaved,
- purple,
- rusty,
- Royle's flower,
- papillary,
- Thunberg flower,
- hellebore,
- broadleaf.
The growing environment is forests and mountain forest slopes. Most species are winter hardy.
Swamp
Swamp dremlik is one of the most commonly used plants for ornamental purposes. The growing environment is swampy forests, meadows and glades. It is often found on limestones near water springs. Prefers good illumination, withstanding excess and stagnant moisture.
On the territory of Russia, the marsh dremlik is found in the Siberian, Central Asian, Transcaucasian regions and in the Crimea.
Height - up to 0.7m. Foliage is oblong, length - up to 25cm. Inflorescences are formed by flowers of 6-20 pieces. The outer layer of the leaves is greenish with purple stripes, the inner layer is white with pink stripes.
In the description of the swamp dremlik, there is information about its narcotic properties, which is explained by the presence of yeast fungi in it.
The flowering period is June-August. Dremlik marsh is widely used in ornamental garden plantings in plant groups, on the banks and in shallow water.
Giant
A giant species grows near streams in highlands. It grows in height by 0.3m-1.2m. The stem is strong. The foliage is numerous, abundant. Inflorescences are formed by 3-15 flowers, in which the outer petals are light yellow, the inner ones are orange-purple in color. The length of the flower petals is up to 25cm. The flowering period is the first half of the summer season. Found its application in Dutch gardening.
Small-leaved
There are a lot of types of dremlik
One of the rare varieties. It grows in the shade of beech forests, in the midst of shrub plantings, in clearings. Stem height - from 17cm to 40cm. The inflorescences are formed by a one-sided cluster of 4-15 flowers about 0.7 cm long, with a light clove aroma. The outer petals are oval, reddish in color, the inner ones are white-green. On the territory of Russia, it is found in the Crimea and the Caucasus.
The flowering period is in July.It actively begins to bloom when good lighting is created, in particular as a result of forest felling.
Purple
Growing places - forests and forest-steppe, including shaded hornbeam, oak groves. In most cases, it occurs singly, 3-8 representatives each, which is explained by the weak reproduction process.
The purple representative is dependent on symbiotic fungi, from which it consumes a significant part of its nutrition.
The foliage is oblong or lanceolate, with a red tint on the inside. The stem is purple. Inflorescences are formed by long clusters of yellow and green flowers of large size - up to 1.4 cm in length. Due to the low level of chlorophyll content, the surface of the leaf blades is often significantly reduced. There are representatives that have a completely pink-purple color.
Rusty
The rusty, or dark red, species is found among deciduous and coniferous trees, in shrub areas, on rocky slopes and sea dunes. Prefers limestone soils. The flowering period is in August.
On Russian territory, it grows in the European part, Siberian and Caucasian regions.
Height - up to 0.6m. The stem is green or purple-lilac. The foliage is tough, oval, tapering at the ends, the length is from 4cm to 8cm, dark green on the outside, and bluish-purple on the inside. The length of the inflorescences is up to 0.2 m, formed by one-sided clusters of flowers of a dark purple color with a vanilla aroma. It is included in the Red Book.
Dremlik Royle
Royle's flower grows among deciduous forests, willow and birch forests, reeds, in damp wetlands, near streams, on rocky slopes.
Found in Central Asia and the Russian Altai.
It grows in height from 0.3 to 0.9 m. The foliage is abundant, large, up to 12-18 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. Inflorescences are formed by rare few-flowered racemes of outer brownish-green and inner pinkish shades.
Papillary
The papillary species prefers shaded conifers, mixed and deciduous forests.
Stem up to 0.75m tall. The foliage is abundant, elliptical, tapering at the ends, 7-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide. The stem, leaves and bracts are covered with small white papillae.
It grows in the Russian Primorye and Amur regions, Kamchatka and Sakhalin.
8-11 flowers with green outer petals and pink inner petals form a rare inflorescence. The flowering period is July-August.
Thunberg flower
The second most popular decorative flower of Thunberg is found in meadow areas with high humidity.
The grooved stem is high, up to 0.9 m in height. The foliage is lanceolate-ovate, pointed at the ends, up to 16cm long. inflorescences are formed by rare flowers, 2-10 pieces each 3.3 cm long. The outer layer of flowers is brown-green, the inner layer is yellow with a purple midrib.
On the territory of Russia, it grows in the Far East.
It is more common in small groups, but in some cases it is possible to observe large clusters. The flowering period is in July.
Hellebore
The chemerikalistnaya variety grows near the mountain rivers of the Caucasus. The height reaches 1.0m. The foliage is large, up to 20cm long and up to 4cm wide. The inflorescence is straight and one-sided, formed by 6-20 green-purple flowers.
The flowering period is the first half to mid-summer.
Broadleaf
Dremlik broadleaf is one of the most common. It grows in lighted beech, birch or oak forests. Occurs among pine trees and in glades of mixed forests.
Dremlik broadleaf grows in the Crimea, Siberia, and the Caucasus.
The stem is light green, up to 1.0 m high. Inflorescences are formed by 12-50 flowers with a honey aroma. The outer layer of flowers is greenish, passing down to a pink-purple hue. Blooms from July to September.
Conclusion
The herbaceous plant Dremlik has many species in its family.Some of them are found on the territory of Russia. Used for decorative purposes.