What citrus fruits are there

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Citrus fruits are available in every store in Russia, but their varieties are not known to everyone. The fruits are rich in vitamins and prevent a number of diseases. A common feature of citrus fruits is a pleasant aroma, high vitamin content.

Citrus types

Characteristics of citrus

Citrus fruit families:

• pomelo;
• tangerines;
• grapefruit;
• oranges.

There is also a separate class - common sour varieties, which include lemon, lime and citron.

This type of fruit, due to the composition of vitamins, is used for colds. The fruits are eaten whole, useful decoctions are made even from the peel. Fruits have a positive effect on the human body:

• speed up metabolism;
• promote appetite;
• remove toxic substances;
• strengthen the immune system;
• used as an anti-stress drug;
• lower blood glucose levels;
• normalize the work of the heart;
• improve the functioning of blood vessels.

List of citrus fruits

There are over 60 types of citrus fruits including hybrids. Some are obtained naturally, while others are bred by breeders. The earliest citrus fruits are lime, pomelo, citron and mandarin.

Lime

Lime is characterized by sour taste, green skin color, small size. There are several types of this fruit:

• Indian;
• Calamansi;
• Kaffir lime;
• Australian, or round;
• Sweet (limetta);
• Limequat;
• usual;
• Persian;
• Finger;
• Papeda.

The history of the origin of the Indian lime begins in India. Its second name is Colombian. This hybrid was created by crossing a citron and a Mexican lime. Scientists wanted to breed this species on their own, but to no avail. The fruit is in the shape of a sphere, yellow in color. The skin is thin, with a subtle aroma. The pulp is light yellow, non-acidic, sweetish.

Kaffir lime is called Kombava. The fruit is classified as an inedible product due to its sharp sour taste. For the preparation of traditional dishes, especially salads, only leaves are used.

Bloody lime has a red skin and zest. It is much sweeter than other representatives.

The Australian is so named because of the location of the cultivation. The fruits are round in shape, the peel is dense and thick, the flesh is light. It is used for cooking candied fruits and for obtaining essential oils.

There are several types of lime

Limetta belongs to both limes and lemons. This citrus is orange in color (sometimes with a shade of pink), round. The zest is delicious, sweet and sour.

Lamquat is a hybrid with a kumquat, bred back in the 1900s. Fruits are small, green in color, taste with bitterness.

Fingerlaym (finger) lime got its name due to the similarity of the fruit with the human finger. The fruit is oblong, its length is up to 10 cm. The skin is colored, thin. The taste is sour. Usually the fruits are used to decorate dishes.

Papeda is a cross with a kumquat. The fruit is green with shriveled skin. Let's reveal the secret: the fruits are not eaten, the plant is used as a scion and for decoration.

Persian lime has a second name - Tahiti.It has an oval shape, green color, light green pulp. Practically not consumed fresh, it is used as a flavoring agent.

Orange

Oranges are divided into subspecies: bitter varieties and sweet varieties.

Definition of species:

• sweet (common, bloody, sugar, with a navel);
• bitter (bittersweet, common, others).

Orange varieties:

• African, it is also called cherry (Cytropsis). The fruit is small in size, orange in color, has a strong aroma. It is used for food and also for medicinal purposes in Africa.
• Seville is a bitter type, it is not consumed fresh, only cooked. Grows in Seville, small in size.
• The regular orange, also called the Chinese apple, is available in any store.
• Kinglet (red) has a difference in the zest of a bright red color, without seeds. Tastes like an orange.
• Wild. Grow in India, it is large in size, has a relief. An endangered variety, more often used as a folk medicine.

Popular hybrids:

• Citrange. His parents are ponzirus and orange. The skin is smooth, the taste is low, so it is eaten only cooked.
• Tankan. His parents are orange and tangerine, homeland is Taiwan. The peel is red, loose, the aroma is strongly expressed, the taste is high.
• Tangor is a hybrid of orange and tangerine, has a dense thick skin, a large number of seeds in the center, and is eaten fresh.
• Chinotto is a bitter fruit formed by the natural combination of mandarin and pomelo. Has a pungent, sour taste, fresh inedible; only suitable for making desserts and as a flavoring agent.
• Orangelo. His parents are orange and grapefruit, the citrus itself is orange in color, large. The zest is similar to orange peel.
• Nadsudayday is a hybrid of pomelo and bitter orange, bred by breeders in the 17th century. The skin is yellow, easy to clean, the pulp is sour.
• Murcott is a combination of tangerine and orange, the culture was bred a century ago. The pulp is sweet, with a lot of seeds.
• Agli was obtained by crossing an orange, grapefruit and tangerine. The fruits are large, heavy, they are eaten fresh.
• Grapefruit is a natural crossing of pomelo and orange, it is eaten fresh, it tastes with bitterness.
• Cabosa was obtained by crossing citrus with papeds. The fruit has a green color, the fruit looks like a lemon. Citrus is used to prepare vinegar, spices, desserts.

Mandarin

List of mandarin varieties:

• Are common. Includes the largest number of species.
• Royal. This group includes several species, they are valued in Asian countries.
• Mediterranean. Valuable in the Mediterranean.
• Small-fruited. Valuable in Eastern countries.
• Satsuma. Their origin story begins in Japan.

Mandarin oranges have many hybrids, for example Decopon. They are a cross between varieties of mandarins. According to the description, the size of the fruit is large, the color when cut is orange, the peel is pitted, sweet.

• Yekan got by crossing with pomelo. This is a new variety, it was developed in the 90s. Externally and in taste, it is similar to grapefruit, but sweeter.
• Yuzu is a combination of Itchansky lemon and Sunka (sour mandarin). National dishes of Tibet and China are prepared from it. Sour, while it has a strong pleasant smell.
• Calamandin is a hybrid with a kumquat. It is appreciated for its resistance to disease and climatic conditions. The fruit is eaten completely, including the skin.
• Citrandarin's parents were lemon and tangerine. It has an unusual sweet and sour taste. By its external characteristics it is similar to lemon, it is used in any form.
• Sunki is the most sour variety among all species, it comes from China. It has a thin yellow-orange peel. The zest is sour. The fruit is eaten only cooked.

Lemon

Lemon is also divided into types: sour and sweet. The common variety is yellow in color, with a light, sour rind. The acidity of the fruit depends on the growing conditions and varieties.

Bergamot is considered a hybrid of lemon and orange, its homeland is Asia.The shape of the fruit is similar to a pear, the color is green, the taste is bitter and sour. This citrus is used for cooking and obtaining essential oils.

Gayanima is the result of crossing with citron. The shape is round, the foliage has a pleasant aroma. The skin is pale, yellow, the peel is sour, there are seeds.

The Karna variety was obtained by crossing with an orange. The skin is wrinkled, thick, pale yellow. The pulp is sour, bitter, orange. Dishes are prepared from citrus, they are not consumed uncooked.

According to the origin story, the Ichang species is named after a city in China - Ichang. In the kitchen, it is used as a lemon substitute, as well as an ornamental plant.

Meyer is a hybrid of orange and lemon. The fruit is large, yellow in color, and has an unusual taste.

Ranzheron is a new variety popular in Uzbekistan. It has a smooth, orange peel. The zest has a pleasant smell with notes of pine needles. The fruit is eaten whole.

Interesting Facts

Studies have shown that the aroma of citrus fruits induces a good mood, improves appetite, and invigorates. Also, these fruits help to focus and get rid of depression.

In cosmetology, fruits are used to refresh the skin, get rid of wrinkles and age spots. There is a whitening face mask made from yeast and grapefruit juice. For this, the ingredients are combined, heated and applied to the face for 15 minutes. After that, the mask is removed using a swab soaked in green tea.

Conclusion

Citrus fruits have over 50 species, including ancient and new varieties. The fruits are used in cooking, perfumery, cosmetology and medicine. There are varieties that are not eaten: essential oils and essences are extracted from them, some use similar plants for decoration.