Secrets of growing cucumbers according to the Portyankin and Shamshina method
Growing cucumbers according to Portyankin and Shamshina will help to achieve a bountiful harvest of this crop in a short time.
Secrets of growing cucumbers according to the Portyankin and Shamshina method
Variety selection
Recent studies have shown that modern hybrid cucumber varieties with a bouquet type of flowering are distinguished by high yields. During the flowering period, 6-8 or more ovaries are formed in each shoot. These varieties are planted in a greenhouse.
The fruits are characterized by transportability and good taste. They have the following properties:
- high degree of parthenocarp (self-pollination);
- female bouquet type of flowering;
- the absence of side shoots in conjunction with the rapid growth of the entire plant;
- high resistance to root rot and powdery mildew;
- lack of bitterness in childbirth genetically.
For open ground, bee-pollinated varieties are more suitable. In regions with cloudy and cool summers, shade-tolerant varieties are planted, such as: F1 Carambol, F1 Athlete, F1 Raphael, F1 Dynamite, F1 Rushnichok, F1 Rais. These cucumbers are not suitable for hot, dry climates.
In the northern regions of Russia and Ukraine, cold-resistant crop varieties are successfully bred: F1 Uglich, F1 Pechora, F1 Smuglyanka, F1 Ustyug, F1 Mother-in-law.
Among the bred, there are also unusual varieties. F1 White Angel has white or light green flowers and a delicate fruit taste. Hybrid F1 Chupa-Shchups is characterized by a spherical shape of fruits up to 5 cm in diameter. They taste sweet.
Landing
Seeds are planted under temporary film shelters in the 20th of April. Outdoors is possible only after May 10.
In the first 2-3 days, seeds are best stored in seedling boxes with covered glass. The temperature should be between 24 - 28 °, because the first shoots are vulnerable to cold weather.
The soil should not be overdried. Further, when exits appear, the containers are placed in a sunny place, without covering from above with anything. Store in this form for 3-4 days. Day and night is reduced to 16-17 °.
Additionally, specialized light lamps are used. The next 4 days, the air temperature rises to 22 ° during the day and up to 18 ° at night. The lamps are turned on for 18 hours, gradually decreasing the time. The day before disembarkation, the lamps are no longer used.
Landing in the ground
Plants are planted in a sunny place
In the last few days, before planting, the seedlings are taken out onto the balcony. This is done in order to accustom the plants to open air and light outside, because indoor and outdoor conditions are different.
Before planting, the seedlings are in boxes for 28-30 days. But not all of it is planted in the ground. The width of the plant should be 18-20 cm, and the height should be 30 cm or more. Each bush of seedlings should have 3-4 leaves.
- The place is selected sunny, and the beds are high with drained soil pH 6-7 and a temperature of 15 °. If there is a threat of frost, cucumbers are not planted.
- When planting, it is necessary to maintain the distance between the seedlings. If trellises are used, cucumbers are placed 20-30 cm apart.
- Seedlings without support, incl. hybrid varieties are placed at a distance of 90 cm. Between the rows there should be 130-150 cm or 90 cm if the seedlings are bush and hybrid.
Care after landing
After planting, the cucumbers are covered using a non-woven fabric. So the plants will be able to adapt to new conditions.
The soil is mulched to retain and retain moisture, suppressing weeds. Mulch can increase the yield and maturation of cucumbers. Use organic mulch, black plastic wrap, or modern infrared transmissive mulch.
When caring for the crop, it is necessary to avoid high temperatures, which reduce the quality of the fruit. It is effective to plant tall stands on the south side or pull up an awning.
Plants with bouquets bloom many female-type flowers at the same time. This leads to competition between flowers and fruits. The flowers wither and fall. In varieties F1 Lilliputian, F1 Quadrille, F1 Emerald earrings blind the lower ovaries for the following reasons:
- Slow fruit growth. This results in a late harvest.
- Deterioration of the growth of the root system. The plant slows down further vegetation.
- Decrease in the number of top yielding fruits. As a result, a bad harvest.
The problem is solved as follows. Blind the lower 2-4 shoots and all the lateral ones, which are below the trellis. 2-3 shoots remain at the top. They are pinched after 3 sheets. The main stem is pinched after it reaches another plant.
Watering
The watering regime is set even before the seedlings emerge. Cucumbers are watered with a watering can in the morning or after sunset. The bucket and hose are not watered, because this leads to the exposure of the roots. The water should be warm (at least 20) and settled.
Cucumbers are poured with warm water
The soil is kept moist at all times. First, watered with a solution of 20% fertilizer and water. Do not dry out or abundant watering. The correct watering is as follows: the soil is completely moistened, and part of the solution, up to 15%, is poured into the drainage hole.
After the seedlings emerge, until the fruits appear, the culture is watered every 4-5 days. Water is used 3-4 l / m2. With the formation of fruits, the cucumber bush is watered more often, every 2-3 days. Use 11-12 l / m2.
At temperatures of 25 ° and above, low air humidity, sprinkling is used as a method of artificially reducing the temperature of leaves and ovaries. The procedure is carried out daily.
Fertilizer
Top dressing will help accelerate the growth of shoots, prolong the fruiting period, improve the palatability of the fruit and protect against diseases. The soil is fertilized with organic matter before planting: manure, compost, and mullein are added since autumn. After the emergence of shoots and flowers, organic fertilizers are again applied between the rows every 15-20 days.
Additionally, nitrogen and potassium are added to the soil in a ratio of 1: 2, but not more than 25 g of elements per m². The solution is used for both root and foliar feeding. This will help keep the leaves from yellowing and accelerate the growth of the shoots. During the formation of fruits, the amount of fertilizer is doubled.
For cucumbers, ready-made mineral complexes are used, such as: Fertika, Zdraven, Solution. Any fertilizers are prepared exclusively in hot water. Cool the liquid a little before adding.
Horse droppings are not used to fertilize the soil. It is rich in ammonia and releases nitrates, which are absorbed into the fruit. It is dangerous for human health.
Diseases
Most often, the plant is infected with powdery mildew. A white bloom appears on the leaves of the cucumber.
The culture can be cured with Teovit Jet and Topaz preparations. Hybrids are planted that do not give in to this disease: F1 Mother-in-law, F1 Quadrille, F1 Zyatek and F1 Bobrik.
Plants can be affected by spider mites. Signs of its habitat: dark dots on the leaves, the presence of the tick itself and the lethargy of seedlings. He drinks the juice and leads to the death of the plant.
Anthracnose (olive spot) affects the leaves of cucumbers, covered with their yellow dots. They dry up and fall off. The cause of this disease is the planting of cucumbers in the same place for several years in a row. Copper preparations can help get rid of the problem.
Effectively change the soil and planting site every year to prevent disease. There are modern hybrids that are resistant to the disease: F1 Lilliputian, F1 Cappuccino, F1 Stash.
When damaged by root rot, cucumber bushes wither for no apparent reason. The disease is provoked by abundant watering with cold water, overheating, dry soil.
Both seedlings and an adult plant that is already bearing fruit are likely to get sick. F1 varieties Dubrovsky, Borovichok, Zyatek, Bobrik, Harmonist, Cappuccino, Liliput, Berendey have immunity from the disease.
Pests
Most often, cucumbers are affected by a tick even in containers from indoor flowers. Infection occurs in the greenhouse through doors and vents. The easiest way to deal with it is at the very beginning, when the plants can still be cured. Seedlings should be carefully examined. Laundry soap and its solution cannot kill the parasite. Plants are treated with such preparations:
- Akarin;
- Bitoxibacillin;
- Fitoverm.
Conclusion
The secrets of growing cucumbers according to Portyankin and Shamshina will be equally useful both for private cultivation of cucumbers and for industrial ones. By following the basic recommendations, you can get a good harvest.