Description of models of potato harvesters
The potato harvester is used quite often in agriculture in Russia, this agricultural technique can be found quite often in the fields. The fact is that the sowing area of potatoes is huge, so it is advisable to use equipment for harvesting. It is worth saying that there are many models of this agricultural technique, moreover, you can assemble a potato harvester with your own hands. However, if you are not a craftsman, then it is more expedient to purchase a ready-made machine than to use a home-made potato harvester, most often the Kaban model potato harvesters are assembled using drawings and technological schemes. Next, we will talk about what is the principle of operation of a potato harvester, as well as what models are in demand among farmers.
Description of models of potato harvesters
Combine classification
First of all, it should be said that there are such types of potato harvesters:
- Suspended - a body about 3 meters wide, 4 meters long, (Polesie 686, Japanese Devulf, PYRA -1500 and 3000, Grimme se - 30, se - 50, se - 60, Kolnag Puma - 3 and double row 150). Attachments are bought by those who have small or medium-sized plots. This device is attached to the tractor, more precisely to its frame. A striking example of such a device can be called the "Dwarf" model. Their name speaks for itself, because only a small piece of land can be processed with their help, moreover, the machine itself is small.
- Trailed - about 1.5 meters wide and about 3 meters long, (bolko (Bolko or Volko, depending on the translation) z643, avr 220 un, Scout A10, Eshka 30 and 1-40, br 150, ub 60 or 60-05 ). If you have a large plot, then it is recommended to work with the trailed type, as it can save you time and money. This type of agricultural technique is chosen by those who measure the area of potato planting by fields.
Despite the existing classification, both types of machines work on a similar principle, the machines are designed to facilitate the work of harvesting, that is, digging out the tubers. Usually, all moderation of agricultural technology is equipped with a special device of the potato harvester, where it is possible to adjust the slope of the immersion of the device and, of course, the depth, this characteristic is especially appreciated by farmers.
How the machine works
If we briefly describe the technical principle of operation of such a machine, then with the help of automated technology under the control of a person, the top layer of soil is removed to a given depth, after which the earth mass with potatoes is sent to a special sorting bunker. Being on the conveyor belt, the crop is automatically cleared of soil residues and haulm. After this stage, the remaining debris is cleaned, then sifting takes place according to the size criterion, the smallest tubers do not pass the test and are collected in a separate compartment. After this stage, the potatoes are sent to the hopper for unloading.
It is noted that when using agricultural technology, it is possible to increase the percentage of harvesting to almost 100%, even the simplest models are designed in such a way that vegetable losses are minimal.
In the vastness of Russia and Belarus, you can find many models of agricultural machines, moreover, these are models of Russian production and foreign ones. Today we will talk about 4 models that deserve your attention and have mostly only positive reviews from farmers.
Harvester Grimme
This self-propelled unit was developed and manufactured abroad, more precisely, the plant's manufacturing facilities are located in Damme. For reference, it should be said that this is a worldwide widespread product, at the moment the equipment of this manufacturer is used in 50 countries of the world. In the arsenal of the manufacturer, you can find the entire model range, from the smallest machines to industrial trailed units. It is also possible to buy both double-row and single-row potato harvesters. It is worth saying that the Grimme potato harvester is easy to distinguish from all other single-row brands, since there are some features that distinguish these Grimme machines from analogues, this will be discussed below.
Combine features
Combine works great in any weather
The first thing worth mentioning is that the rollers that pick up the haulm and the clod suppressor are located in front of the cleaning system, which solves the issue of contamination of many Grimme parts from imminent contamination, as happens in most models, for example, the dr 1500 or Grimme europa 02 potato harvester. the detail is that all the elements for sifting are equipped with belts, this feature protects the potatoes from mechanical damage.
As for the conveyor, there are two of them in the Grimme combine machine, and the first conveyor has a larger area (more than 5m2), the second is slightly smaller (1.5m2). With this technology, at the exit after the conveyor, you get potatoes in the form in which we are used to seeing them on store shelves.
It is important to note that the work of all stages of the Grimme machines is equipped with belt drives. For the convenience of a person, all equipment control is carried out using convenient and understandable sensors and levers, which are located in the tractor cab. It is impossible not to mention the hydraulic system, which allows you to control the tractor gently and with minimal noise. The storage hopper is very spacious, since about 4 tons of potatoes can be stored in it, unloading the maximum weight takes place in a record period of time - about 25 seconds. It is worth noting that Grimme machines work perfectly in all climatic conditions.
As for the shortcomings, we can note the high cost of such an acquisition, the purchase price of the Grimme potato harvester is high, such a purchase is not available to every farmer. Also in the Russian Federation it is quite difficult to find spare parts for such units, and one cannot but say that their cost will also be considerable.
Harvester Anna 750
The Anna 750 potato harvester has a small size, in terms of dimensions it resembles the Dwarf 2200 self-propelled potato harvester. However, unlike the latter, the Anna unit uses a trailer-type fastening. It is worth saying that the described agricultural technique does a good job of harvesting potatoes in Russian fields, and is also great for servicing small areas. Of the technical characteristics, it is worth noting the following:
- The machine was developed for a tractor of a specific model - MTZ - 82, work with other machines can be complicated and requires additional modifications
- The grater knives are located in such a way that the distance between them is 75 cm, that is, quite wide and corresponds to the usual standard crop planting
- The edge on the knives is inclined, which makes it possible to go deeper into the ground
- The cleaning system is located directly on the wheel frame, it is arranged like a pneumatic system, as in the Anna sv and okof 260 models
In comparison with the previous model, Anna does not have such a storage hopper capacity, the described machine can only hold 1.5 tons of potatoes. As for the performance indicators, the potato harvester processes about 1.5 hectares of land in one hour.
Speaking of the shortcomings, it should be mentioned that under the condition of severe pollution of the field, the indicators drop significantly, according to farmers, at least twice, this applies to almost all Russian-made potato harvesters.
Description of the combine KKU - 2
The KKU 2 potato harvester is designed specifically for fields where a separate type of combining is thought out, the operating mechanism resembles the KPK 2 01 potato harvester. This unit is installed on tractors such as MTZ - 82 and MTZ - 80, it is also possible to install a KPK 2 and KPK potato harvester 2a and KKU-2 for the DT-75M tractor, which is on a caterpillar track.
As for the principle of operation, the KKU - 2 and PKK - 3 are not particularly different from the work of other models. The power required to start the potato harvester is obtained by interaction with the gearbox, in addition, this unit is equipped with a hydrostatic drive.
There are two conveyors on KKU-2; for greater convenience, bumpers with rubberized sides have been added to the mechanism. With this conveyor system, you get the opportunity to send the potatoes to the elevator, which will throw the selected tubers out. As for the spaciousness of the model, here the indicators are not the best, only 650 kilograms. At the same time, the productivity of the equipment is also low - 0.4 hectares per hour. KKU - 2 can be called a classic model of a potato harvester, which shows itself well in relatively small areas and with satisfactory cleanliness of the fields.
Description of the harvester Dwarf
This agricultural technique is widely used on the territory of Russia, where it is produced, it is characterized by low productivity, but at the same time it is quite simple to operate, as farmers note, this is due to technical characteristics. It is worth noting that the device of the combine involves equipping the machine with hydraulic drives, which make the movement of the machine easier. As for compatibility with tractors, the Mini potato harvester Dwarf can work with tractors of classes 1, 2, 3 and 4, with a capacity of up to 100 hp.
The bunker capacity is relatively small, about 800 kilograms. This agricultural machinery can work about 0.6 hectares in one working day. Among other advantages, it is worth noting that the machine is quite easy to operate, only one operator is required to control it, in addition, the dimensions of the equipment are quite compact.