Growing varieties of pears for the Chernozem region
Pear varieties for the Black Earth Region are thermophilic horticultural crops that ripen towards the end of summer. These are drought-resistant trees that are unpretentious to care for.
Growing varieties of pears for the Chernozem region
Variety of varieties
Varieties for the Chernozem region are resistant to temperature extremes. They germinate well in dry climates and need frequent soil fertilization.
The choice of a variety for the Chernozem region depends on the size of the land plot and the basic composition of the soil. Horticultural crops need moisture, without which the amount of harvest decreases, and the fruits grow small and tasteless.
The most popular types of pears for the Black Earth Region:
- Marble;
- Autumn Yakovleva;
- Rossoshanskaya is beautiful;
- Early ripening.
Crops are early maturing. Trees grow on the sides, and reach their maximum height in the first year. Harvesting is carried out in late summer (in cold regions, harvesting takes place in early autumn). Fruits can be stored for up to 3 weeks, they are well transported. The first time a tree for the Chernozem region blooms for 6-7 years.
Description of the tree
Trees have moderate vigor. Crohn's wide pyramidal shape. Thickness of foliage and shoots are average. The variety for the Chernozem region has powerful branches, they are inclined at an angle to the main trunk. The color of the bark is dark green. Over the years, it cracks and becomes rough.
The color of the shoots is dark brown. Lentils are small, white-gray. The buds are triangular, slightly protruding, dark. The foliage is medium in size: they are ovoid and dark green. There is no pubescence on foliage. The lamina is smooth and glossy. The length of the petioles is medium.
There are many inflorescences on the tree (8-9 pieces in one bunch). The color of the buds is white. The average size of the inflorescence is up to 4 cm in diameter. The petals are slightly closed. The flowering period is average, so the first inflorescences appear in early spring.
Description of fruits
Medium-sized fruits - up to 150-170 g each. The shape of the pears is round-conical. The surface of the fruit is smooth, the skin is hard, with small dark spots.
Description of the fruits of horticultural crops for the Chernozem region:
- color yellow-green;
- after ripening, a blush appears;
- the stalk is thick;
- half-open cup.
Small pear seeds. Their color is brown. The taste of the fruit is sweet. The pulp is juicy and aromatic. The fruits contain more than 15% dry matter and 7 g of ascorbic acid per 100 g of the product.
Growing and planting varieties
For a good harvest, you need to fertilize the tree
Before planting pear trees in the Black Earth Region, a seedling is selected. If it has a well-developed root system, all foliage is removed. 1-2 leaves are left on each branch. More foliage remains on a seedling that has several roots. For one tree, you need at least 12 square meters. m: a spacious and free land plot is chosen for a seedling.
For disembarkation, the planting pit is fertilized. To do this, a mixture of superphosphates and compost is added to the bottom of the pit. If the hole is at least 70 cm deep, organic fertilizer is applied.Above the ground, at least 6-7 cm of the formed trunk is left, where the root system passes into the trunk of the seedling. After planting, the planting material is watered abundantly. For the first 2-3 years, the tree feeds on fertilizers applied to the planting pit, therefore, in the first year, only watering is carried out and a shelter is organized.
Plant care
For the pears of the Black Earth Region, general care is needed. The root part of the tree is watered every 2-3 months. If the soil dries out more often, increase watering. For the winter, watering work is reduced so as not to harm the root system. Additionally, excess branches are trimmed: this is how the shape of the crown is formed.
Pruning is carried out in March before flowering. Remove broken, diseased and old branches. The cut site is additionally treated with a disinfectant solution. Too long shoots are shortened. The trees are sprayed 2 times a year. For additional protection, whitewash is used in early autumn.
Fertilizing the soil
Urea or saltpeter is used to feed trees. Such fertilizers are applied no more than 2 times a year. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied during the warm season. Mineral complexes are added once a year, after which the soil is well watered.
For feeding, use a solution of boric acid and copper sulfate. The added nutrients help protect the young tree. For a mature tree, additional nutrition is needed, especially during the flowering period.
Diseases and pests
Varieties for the Chernozem region are highly resistant to diseases. With improper care, the tree suffers from septoria. Timely prevention can improve the defense systems of the variety.
Pests rarely infect garden culture, therefore, additional processing (except for whitewashing in the fall) is not worth it. Fungal diseases on the tree rarely appear when other garden crops are sick.
Conclusion
Pear trees for the Chernozem region grow rapidly, and the yield increases every year (the first time the crop bears fruit in the 6th year).