What diseases affect pears

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Diseases of fruit trees can lead to the death of plants and crops, therefore it is so important to recognize the disease in a timely manner and provide appropriate assistance to the planting. We will consider all the diseases of the pear and methods of its treatment, talk about preventive measures and what varieties of pears are not afraid of diseases.

What diseases affect pears

Scab (Favus)

The disease refers to diseases of the pear fruit. Sometimes the scab also affects the foliage. This disease is accompanied by the appearance of a specific brown plaque on the juicy fruits. In the later stages of the disease, spots can also be seen, cracks appear on the peel of the fruit, the leaves are covered with spots painted in a light green or light green color.

If you do not take any measures, the fruits will change shape and completely lose their taste. They can fall off the branches unripe. Often foliage crumbles along with the fruits. The fruits left on the tree become unusable.

Scab treatment

The disease is difficult to treat. First, all affected shoots are removed and diseased fruits are plucked. Even slightly infected ones are subject to removal: they already contain spores of the pathogenic fungus. The tree is then sprayed with an insecticide designed to control scab. The Skor insecticide has proven itself well in the market.

Preventive measures

The disease spreads with high humidity, so watering the garden culture should be moderate. You also need to burn all the foliage fallen in the fall: it may contain spores of fungus and other bacteria.

Tree pruning is carried out annually, which consists in thinning the crown. All branches should be exposed to sunlight in summer.

It is imperative to spray trees with Bordeaux mixture, which protects the garden crop from favus. An alternative to Bordeaux liquid is copper oxychloride. Bordeaux liquid is prepared from 10 liters of water, 0.1 kg of copper sulfate and the same amount of copper. To make a bucket of copper oxychloride? you will need 30-35 g of powder and water.

Preventive treatments are carried out three times per season. The first time the tree is treated after the appearance of buds on it. The second time the fruit crop is sprayed after it has faded. The third time - 14 days after the second.

Favus-resistant hybrids are planted on the site. These include the Yanvarskaya pear, Muratovskaya and Rusanovskaya.

Fruit rot (Moniliosis)

A common pear disease is moniliosis, or, as it is also called, fruit rot. She, like scab, has a fungal character. Moniliosis affects only fruits, accompanied by their rotting. Rot develops at high temperatures and air humidity exceeding the norm. Moniliosis appears in late July and August.

Monoliosis treatment

First, you need to start removing all affected fruits from the tree. They are taken out of the suburban area or burned. Next, the fruit tree is treated with insecticides.

Preventive measures

In order to prevent this disease of pear fruits, trees are treated with Bordeaux liquid. Preventive treatments are carried out twice a season. The first time the trees are sprayed after the buds appear, the second - after the harvest. As a preventive measure, leaf platinum is treated with lime diluted in water. To prepare 1 bucket of solution, you will need 0.7-0.8 kg of lime.

They also get rid of fruits damaged by birds or insects: it is they who are most susceptible to moniliosis.

The honey pear is the most resistant to this disease.

Black (sooty fungus)

Disease can destroy the entire crop

The sooty fungus, more commonly referred to as black by growers, is another disease caused by a fungal infection that can destroy almost the entire crop. Fruits affected by the fungus turn black. Also, with this disease, pears turn black leaves. At the same time, outwardly, it seems that a black bloom is present on the affected fruits and leaves, which is very similar to soot.

Healing the rabble

Often, the mob appears on trees affected by aphids, therefore, first they get rid of parasitic insects, then all fruits affected by aphids are removed from the tree, and the tree is treated with any fungicide.

Preventive measures

As a prevention of sooty fungus, harmful insects should not be allowed to appear on the fruit tree, which, by damaging the fruits, make them vulnerable to this disease. It is also not superfluous to treat the tree with Calypso and Fitover fungicide. The first agent serves as a prevention of the appearance of harmful insects, while the fungicide protects the fruit from the fungus.

Cathedral Pear is immune to this disease.

Ash

Sick pears and ash, which is better known as "powdery mildew". It affects both fruit and vegetable crops. In the early stages of the ash, some areas of the leaves are covered with a whitish bloom, then the borders of the plaque expand, and the leaf dies off. Young shoots are most susceptible to ash. Before dying off, the sheet plates are wrapped inward.

Ashstone treatment

First, all parts of the plant that the fungus has reached are destroyed, then the plant is sprayed with insecticides designed to combat this disease. They are purchased in specialized stores.

Preventive measures

As a prophylaxis for this fungal disease of the pear, which manifests itself on the foliage, the plant is sprayed with Fundazol. We dilute the drug in accordance with the attached instructions. The use of a high concentration drug leads to a chemical burn of the plant. An alternative to Fundazole is a mixture of soda ash and soap, dissolved in water. To prepare it, you need 5 g of laundry soap, 25 g of soda and 5 liters of water. All components are thoroughly mixed.

The Moskvichka variety is resistant to ash.

Rust

Sick leaves die

Rust is another pear fungal disease. Specific signs of this pear disease are spots of yellow, orange and brown colors that appear on the leaf plates. The affected foliage becomes bulging. In the later stages of the disease, the fruits are also covered with spots. Photosynthesis does not occur in the affected leaves, which leads to their death.

Rust treatment

Rust is a leaf disease on the pear and its treatment involves removing the affected parts of the tree. At the moment, there are no anti-rust agents. There are no effective folk remedies either. In order to timely prevent the spread of rust, you need to systematically inspect all plantings on the site.

Preventive measures

To prevent this disease, pears are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid in the spring. The second preventive treatment is carried out at the beginning of flowering, the last after the plants have faded. Also, experts recommend processing plantings 10 days after the third treatment.

An alternative to Bordeaux liquid in this case is copper oxychloride and Cuproxat.

The most resistant to the disease are the Gulabi and Suniani varieties.

Cytosporosis

The disease is fungal in nature, but the fungus in this case does not affect the leaves and fruits of the tree, but its bark. The first to suffer are the areas affected by frost and sunburn. Due to the influence of the fungus, the bark begins to dry out, dark red or brown spots appear on it. The affected bark then flakes off the trunk.

Treatment of cytosporosis

For the treatment of this pear disease, you can use clay, or you can take a garden var. Before using these funds, all diseased bark is removed from the trunk. Garden pitch is applied to the affected areas of the trunk.

Preventive measures

As a prophylaxis for cytosporosis, it is necessary to timely remove all dried bark and whitewash the trees before winter.

The Moskvichka variety is resistant to cytosporosis.

Black cancer (Antonov fire)

Another fungal disease that damages the bark of a tree is called black cancer. Signs of the disease, which is also called Antonov fire, are cracks that have appeared on the bark. At the same time, damp spots appear on the edges of the cracks, painted in a brown color. Various bacteria and fungi easily penetrate through these cracks. Accordingly, the plant often suffers from several diseases at the same time.

Sometimes, with black cancer, the leaf plates of the tree turn red, but this problem can also be triggered by a lack of phosphorus, therefore, it is impossible to judge the presence of black cancer only by the reddening of the foliage.

Black cancer treatment

Treatment involves removing the affected bark, but in this case, you should also remove the part of the healthy bark that is adjacent to the affected areas. Then the wound is treated with copper sulfate. After performing these manipulations, the wound is closed with garden varnish.

Preventive measures

The affected areas of the tree must be removed

There are no prophylactic remedies for Antonov's fire. Fallen leaves and affected areas of the tree are removed from the backyard.

The August rose is resistant to black crayfish.

Bacterial burn

Of all bacterial diseases, a burn is the most dangerous. The description of the symptoms of fire blight is similar to the description of the symptoms of black fungus. The leafy plates of the fruit culture turn black and dry out over time. In addition to leaf blades, the disease affects inflorescences and young shoots. White flowers turn brown, young shoots die off. The fruits, in this case, do not turn black.

Treatment of a bacterial burn

The disease spreads with lightning speed. Bacteria are carried by harmful insects and wind and rain, so treatment of the disease should be started after the first signs appear. In this case, removing the leaves alone is indispensable. It is necessary to remove the entire shoot, capturing at least 10 cm of its healthy part.

After removing the shoots of the place, the medium is treated with antibiotics. 12-14 tablets are diluted in 5 liters of water. It is best to treat trees for bacterial burns with tetracycline.

After the end of the work, all used tools are treated with disinfectants.

Preventive measures

Fighting pear diseases of a bacterial nature primarily involves the destruction of harmful insects. They are the carriers of bacteria. Bordeaux liquid can also be used as a prophylaxis. Planting should be processed 7-9 times per season.

Root cancer

This bacterial disease is brought into the site with affected seedlings. It attacks the root system, so you have to dig out a seedling to determine the presence of root cancer.

Root cancer treatment

There are currently no treatments for root cancer. The affected tree must be removed from the site and the soil on which it grew must be disinfected.

Preventive measures

Since the bacterium enters the home garden with the affected planting material, seedlings should be bought only from nurseries. If defects are found on the root system of the seedlings, they should be removed. Also, it will not be superfluous to treat their root system with copper sulfate before planting seedlings.

It is inappropriate to consider pear diseases with a photo, since each disease is accompanied by external signs characteristic only of it. In addition, some diseases appear on the leaves of the pear, others on the fruits, and still others on the bark.

Chlorosis

Chlorosis can kill a tree

Chlorosis first affects the leaves of the tree. If untreated, the disease leads to his death. The leaf plates at the top of the tree are affected first. First they turn yellow, then dry up.

Chlorosis is caused by improper care of the fruit crop. Most likely, the root system of the tree does not have enough iron salts. Fruits on a diseased tree are small and unsightly.

Chlorosis treatment

Chlorosis can be cured by adding ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate to the soil. It is strictly forbidden to introduce manure, calcium nitrate or potassium into the soil: this will only worsen the situation.

You can also use a weak concentration of ferrous sulfate solution. 2 weeks after the treatment of the affected tree, the signs of chlorosis disappear, but the effect of such spraying is short-lived. It will not work to cure the plant with it.

Preventive measures

To minimize the appearance of chlorosis, you need to choose the right site for planting a garden culture. If it is not possible to choose a site with suitable soil, ammonium should be introduced into the soil in a timely manner and alfalfa should be planted between the trees.

Mosaic ringing

Mosaic ringing is a viral disease characterized by the appearance of whitish rings on the leaf plates of a plant. Sometimes it is not rings that appear, but wide, curved lines.

Mosaic annulus treatment

To date, there are no treatment methods for mosaic annulus. All plants that are sick must be uprooted.

Preventive measures

Pests are the carrier of a viral disease, so you need to make sure that no harmful insects are found in the garden.

Pests

Pests make trees vulnerable to disease. The following pests are most often found on the tree:

• pear mite;
• aphid;
• honeydew;
• pear saw;
• leaf roll.

In the fight against pear diseases, it is recommended to use insecticides. The plantings are treated with drugs designed to combat a specific pest. You should not use generic drugs that are less effective than those designed to destroy a particular parasite.

The presence of parasites can be determined by the appearance of trees that look wilted. Usually pests live on the side of the leaf that is hidden from human eyes. To make sure of the guesses, you should inspect the inside of the sheet.

The best protection against pests is preventive treatment of plantings. Trees should be sprayed at least twice a year: in spring and autumn.

Conclusion

Diseases and pests of the pear are the two main enemies of gardeners. It is not possible to determine which of them is the most dangerous. The most common are pear fungal diseases. Since fungal spores are carried by the wind, these diseases should be treated early. No less a threat are bacterial diseases that live in the earth for several years.