Description of pear Bergamot
Pear Bergamot is the collective name of the variety, which consists of several subspecies. The city of Bergamo is considered its homeland, but for many years it has been widely grown in our country, as well as in China and European countries.
Description of pear Bergamot
Characteristic
On the territory of our country, depending on climatic conditions, several types of Bergamot are grown at once. Trees adapt well to weather changes, temperature extremes, frequent precipitation.
Fruiting, annual and abundant enough, falls at the beginning of autumn. All varieties are characterized by high yields and an interesting flattened fruit shape. They are used for preparations for the winter, making desserts, fruit salads, and also consumed raw.
Varieties of Bergamot variety
The varieties are known not only for their taste, but also for their high content of vitamins and nutrients that help with diseases of the gallbladder and liver.
Moskovsky
It is one of the most common in the region. Bergamot Moskovsky is a pear variety with a compact, neat crown and medium-tall trees. Refers to self-fertile and has a long flowering. The first harvest can be obtained in the fourth year.
The description shows that the fruits of this species are quite large, weighing about 150 grams. The color is green-yellow, with a reddish blush. Bergamot Moskovsky is a pear variety that has a very juicy pulp and a pleasant taste with a slight sourness. The only drawback is their short shelf life.
Autumn
The autumn variety is considered the most popular among gardeners in our country. Differs in high productivity, but begins to bear fruit quite late - in the seventh year of cultivation. Trees of medium height with an interesting crown shape. To obtain a rich harvest, pollinating trees are needed; Tonkovotka and Bessemyanka are considered the best.
The fruits are yellow-green in color and have a brick blush. They are of medium size, their weight rarely exceeds 80 grams. The pulp is sweet and sour, it is characterized by granularity. The fruits have a short shelf life.
Nutmeg
The height of trees of this species can reach 8 m, the crown is about 12 m in diameter, has the shape of a ball. Begins to bloom early, begins to bear fruit in August. Differs in high productivity and the ability to bear fruit up to 60 years of age.
Pears weighing about 100 gr. They have a green-yellow surface and a creamy flesh. They have a pleasant taste and juiciness of fruits.
In memory of Prince Trubetskoy
The variety is the most unpretentious, fruiting begins in the fourth year of life. The period of active fruiting lasts from September to October.
Medium-tall trees give bountiful harvests annually or every other year. Fruits are yellow-green in color, large, have a sweet and sour taste. They can survive well under suitable conditions.
Planting pear bergamot
The pear needs to be planted in a sunny place.
In order for plants to grow and develop well, it is necessary to find the right place for planting. Elevated areas with good sunlight are good. Loamy soil or black soil is great, but it is important that it is not depleted.
The diameter of the planting pit depends on the size of the root system. On average, it is from 70 cm to 1 m, and the depth is from 50 to 70 cm. It is prepared in advance and first dug a little deeper. Several buckets of earth with peat or humus are poured onto the bottom.
To support the trunk, a peg is driven into the soil, on which it is tied. When planting, the roots of the seedling are carefully covered with earth, while the neck remains on the surface.
Care
Depending on the subspecies, caring for Bergamot is slightly different, since some of them tolerate cold well (Moscow, Muscat, in memory of Prince Trubetskoy), while others are afraid of frost and often freeze over (Autumn). But, nevertheless, there are general rules suitable for everyone.
Watering and feeding
The trees should be watered abundantly, especially in the hot season (at least 1-2 liters for each seedling), as well as during the ripening of the fruits. Watering once a week is considered the norm, subject to moderate temperatures (20-25 degrees). Watering is done in a circle near the tree, but not on the neck.
Among the dressings, manure and urea should be distinguished. It is recommended to use them only for mature plants. In addition, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied to the soil every spring, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the fall.
Pruning
In the spring, when the frosts have already completely receded, but the vegetation of the plant has not yet begun, pruning should be carried out. At this time, the shoots growing inward are removed. It is also recommended to cut off the top of one-year-old seedlings. In autumn, only dry branches are removed.
Other procedures
An important step is also the constant loosening of the soil and the removal of weeds, which can provoke various diseases and are the place of residence of pests. Before the beginning of winter, it is necessary to remove all fallen leaves from the site and burn it.
Possible diseases
Not all species have good immunity. For example, Moskovsky, Muscat and Bergamot in memory of Trubetskoy are resistant to scab, while Autumn is often affected by it.
To avoid this, in the spring the plants and the soil around are treated with Bordeaux liquid. Often leaves and shoots are affected by powdery mildew. For the prevention of this disease, a solution of colloidal sulfur is used.
Among insect pests, green aphids should be distinguished, the fight against which consists in spraying plants with special preparations. In spring and autumn, trees need to be treated with 1% Brodos liquid or HOM preparation. As a preventive measure, you can treat the culture with milk of lime in a proportion of 1 kg of lime to 10 liters of water.
Benefits
The benefits include:
- high yield of varieties;
- relatively high immunity to diseases;
- excellent taste of fruits;
- the versatility of their use and the richness of vitamins;
- the ability to adapt to conditions.
Conclusion
Description of the varieties of Bergamot makes it possible to understand what advantages and disadvantages each of them has and choose the one that suits you. In general, it can be argued that the variety is good enough and it is worth trying to plant it on your site.