Growing mushrooms in the open field in the country
In the summer, summer residents are very practice growing mushrooms in the country in the open field. The technology of disembarkation and care does not require special knowledge and is available even for beginners.
Growing mushrooms in the open field in the country
Preparing mycelium for planting
At the initial stage of growing mushrooms in the country, it is required to prepare planting material - mycelium. To do this, you need sterilized dishes. You can grow mushrooms in the open field from the mycelium obtained on your own. The required mushroom mycelium is available to grow in one of the ways: on potatoes, agar or grain. The latter is considered the simplest and most popular method of growing mushrooms.
It is permissible to grow champignons in open ground in a summer cottage or in a vegetable garden from mycelium sold in specialized stores.
The process of germinating mycelium in a grain way includes:
- collection of mushrooms grown in field or forest conditions, preferably overripe (very large, which are not already used for food);
- the grain is boiled for 30-40 minutes, for which it is pre-poured with water, in which it is recommended to dilute hydrogen peroxide at the rate of 200 ml per 10 liters of water for disinfection;
- filtering the cooked grain, drying it and pouring it into sterilized containers;
- the formation in the lids that will close the containers, small holes with a diameter in the width of the average size of a sewing needle;
- transfer of pieces cut from mushrooms to the grain mass.
The closed containers are covered with a sterile cloth (for example, a bandage) and placed in a cool room, where the air temperature is maintained at + 17 ... + 23 ° C.
For your information. Having decided to get grain mycelium on your own, be prepared for the fact that everything will have to be done in almost sterile conditions so that your starting material does not become infected with mold spores that are present in the air at home.
It is also allowed to grow mushrooms in the country and in the garden from wild mycelium, which is taken from natural myceliums, removing the soil layer in places where mushrooms grow, i.e. in which there are filaments of mycelium in squares of 10-20 cm with a thickness of 2-3 cm. The soil layer with mycelium is stored before planting at a temperature of + 6 ... + 7 ° С.
Advice. Do not collect mycelium for growing a mushroom bed in ecologically unfavorable places, for example, near busy roads. This can be dangerous because the mushrooms grown from it will contain all the "additives" that the mycelium received "before leaving for permanent residence in your garden."
Site preparation
It is better to place a garden bed for growing mushrooms in a garden and a summer cottage on the north side with a shade in the absence of wind, creating conditions that provide diffused lighting and protection against precipitation. For planting mycelium, they dig trenches up to 1 m wide to a depth of 0.3 m, into which compost is buried.
To grow mushrooms in the country, about 0.4 kg of mycelium per 1 m is required2 landing area.
Compost consists of equal proportions of manure or chicken droppings, straw and hot urea solution.The compost mixture is kept for 2 weeks, after which it is enriched with superphosphate. Fertilizer ready for laying has a light brown color and becomes friable.
For greater efficiency, a drainage layer several centimeters thick is laid on the bottom of the dug trenches before composting: broken tiles, brick or crushed stone.
Planting and aftercare
Taking care of mushrooms is easy
You should start planting champignons in the country in a warm season, when the air is steadily heated to + 20 ° С. Before planting, the soil layer is well moistened. It is necessary to plant the mushroom mycelium in the country house in the holes to a depth of 5 cm, dividing it into pieces of 5-6 cm. The planted mycelium is sprinkled with compost mixture and watered with warm water.
Grain mycelium, grown at home on their own, is not buried, but scattered in the summer cottage on the soil, then sprinkled on top with a layer of compost mixture.
If necessary, planting is covered with polyethylene. Don't watered (you've already watered). After 5 days, the mycelium is checked for germination, for which the top layer of soil is raised. The compost is covered with white mycelium threads 2-3 weeks after planting. When a silvery plaque appears on the compost layer - mycelium filaments, the planting is covered with a loamy or sandy loam soil layer, without tamping.
Care
In the process of caring for mushrooms planted in the country in the open field, the required temperature and moisture level are maintained. Optimal conditions for mushrooms are + 24 ... + 26 ° С. When the air temperature rises to + 30 ° C and then the mycelium begins to die. It is possible to lower the temperature by spraying the plantings with cold water or by creating additional shade.
Watering mushroom plantings is carried out so that water does not reach the mycelium: otherwise, excess moisture leads to decay of the mycelium. To avoid such problems, watering the area where mushrooms are planted in open ground in dry weather is recommended by spraying the topsoil. For your information. To prevent the mushroom beds from drying out on hot days, you can cover them with newspapers or compost with straw and spray them already.
Mushroom picking
Growing mushrooms in the country and in the garden will take about 3-5 weeks. During the growth period, ripe mushrooms acquire a light pink hue. They are harvested as soon as the fruiting body reaches 2 cm in size, since the overgrown ones lose their gastronomic qualities and weaken the mycelium.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The first crop is harvested already 30-40 days after the mycelium was planted. It is important not to forget that ripening proceeds in waves: many mushrooms ripen in one day, and after a day this process stops. The next wave of the crop will need to be harvested in a week. Harvesting must be complete and not selective. Only in this case new mushrooms will grow faster. But if you leave some of the mushrooms in the garden, this can contribute to the spread of diseases.
By the way. To better store the mushrooms - to increase their keeping quality, it is better to pick mushrooms whose caps have not yet fully opened.
Subject to the timing of harvesting, the mycelium can bear fruit for about 2 months.
Harvesting takes place by twisting the fruit bodies, followed by filling the resulting void with a soil layer. The average yield in the second and subsequent years is at the level of about 5-6 kg per 1 m2.
Conclusion
Growing mushrooms in the country in the open field will turn out from the purchased ready-made, collected natural or self-grown mycelium. The mycelium is planted in pre-prepared fertilized soil. Care after planting is reduced to maintaining the temperature and humidity at the proper level, i.e. creation of favorable conditions for the development of fruit bodies.
