Signs of mushroom poisoning

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Mushroom poisoning is not uncommon in our life. The whole family can be poisoned with the product. The problem is that many do not understand the wide variety of mushrooms, which leads to disastrous consequences. At best, a person will get off with nausea, vomiting, at worst, he will die.

Signs of mushroom poisoning

Sources of intoxication

There are several reasons why people get this type of poisoning:

• The most common source of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms: the inexperience of mushroom pickers.
• The second reason: improper cooking of the product, as a result of which it becomes poisonous. This is especially true of conditionally edible species.
• The third option: cooking old, spoiled and stale mushrooms.

Common signs

The first symptoms of mushroom poisoning begin to appear within a couple of hours after eating. In some cases, the effect is distant in time and appears after a day.

The most common manifestations of intoxication:

• acute piercing pain in the abdomen;
• begins to feel nauseous, then the gag reflex is triggered;
• there is an upset stomach, flatulence;
• body temperature rises to 38 ° C;
• hands and feet get cold (blood supply worsens);
• the victim feels severe headaches, his head begins to spin;
• pulse is barely palpable;
• general fatigue and lethargy sets in.

Against the background of this "bouquet" of well-marked symptoms in humans, there is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. These are just general signs and symptoms of mushroom poisoning.

Symptoms for each type

Each poisonous species has its own symptoms of intoxication:

• Toadstool poisoning. It manifests itself through aching pain in muscle tissues, headaches, as well as abdominal pain. The person begins vomiting, shortness of breath, convulsions, diarrhea with bloody discharge. You can understand that a person was poisoned by the so-called "porcini mushrooms" by the contents that came out of the stomach during vomiting: it is similar to coffee grounds. In some cases, a person falls into a coma. The poisonous substances of this fungus lead to kidney failure, so it is difficult to save the victim. The only way out is to do an organ transplant.
• Amanita and talkers. To all of the above symptoms in case of poisoning with these types of mushrooms, the patient also has increased salivation, sweating, lacrimation, a sharp drop in blood pressure. The pulse becomes weak and difficult to palpate. In addition, shortness of breath and convulsions may occur. Pupils narrow, serious mental problems begin: hallucinations, delirium appear. When poisoning with mushrooms, a coma occurs.
• Panther fly agaric. In this case, intoxication manifests itself differently than in previous situations. Heart palpitations are observed, the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes dry out, the pupils become larger.
• Morels and stitches. In addition to the above symptoms, the victim has kidney problems, an enlarged liver and spleen. The first signs of poisoning appear 6-10 hours after eating mushrooms.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Poisoning by lines is characterized by its seasonality: they are confined to the spring (mid-end) period. Most often, such poisoning is familial. The mushrooms that caused the poisoning were usually either collected by the victims themselves or were purchased from the market. In many specialized reference books, strings are referred to the group of conditionally edible mushrooms, the poisonous properties of which are due to the presence of gyromitrin. During the life of the fungus, it turns into more toxic compounds of hydrazines: M-methyl-1M-formyl-hydrazine (MPH) and 1C-monomethyl-hydrazine (MMH). In fresh lines, the amount of MMG can be 50-300 mg / kg, but in some cases this amount can reach 1200-1600 mg / kg. If the lines were not sufficiently thermally processed before use, the acidic environment of the stomach provokes the hydrolysis of gyromitrin to the formation of more toxic hydrazine compounds, the so-called. "Lethal synthesis". By acting on hepatocytes, hydrazines cause the development of liver necrosis.

• False foams and other false species. False hooters differ from real edible mushrooms in the bright color of the cap: they have it in lemon color. Gall fungus poisoning occurs quickly - after 5 hours. It manifests itself through severe nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen. A person has a serious disruption in the work of the stomach and intestines, which is accompanied by diarrhea (diarrhea). This picture lasts for 24-48 hours, then the condition stabilizes, recovery occurs. This is a mild poisoning that can really be cured on your own at home. Only a specialist can prevent serious consequences in case of poisoning with more dangerous species.

In childhood

In children, in contrast to adults, food poisoning with mushrooms occurs in 4-5 hours. The disease is acute and severe. The temperature rises, the child begins to feel nauseous, vomits repeatedly, he experiences severe dizziness and has diarrhea. These are the first signs of mushroom poisoning.

During pregnancy

Help is needed at the first sign

The toxins that make up the fungi are able to penetrate the walls of the placenta, disrupting the natural process of development and growth of the fetus. During pregnancy, during mushroom poisoning, a disease occurs, which is accompanied by headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, destabilization of blood pressure towards a decrease, sometimes even complete loss of consciousness. Frequent vomiting and diarrhea lead to dehydration of the body and the loss of nutrients necessary for a future woman in labor. There is no time to waste, it is imperative to immediately provide the victim with first aid.

Botulism

A disease such as botulism can be triggered by a canned and stored in improper conditions, spoiled or improperly prepared product.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Botulism is a deadly disease caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum and its waste products. Symptoms of botulism develop rapidly, but recovery is the opposite - very slowly. This concerns muscle strength and ocular manifestations. The central nervous system and internal organs are restored well. However, in severe cases, complications may develop - purulent parotitis and tracheobronchitis, as well as aspiration pneumonia.

The disease begins to progress from the moment the pathogen enters the body, which is in the soil next to the spores of the mycelium. If the food is poorly washed, cleaned, or undercooked, the infection enters the bloodstream.

Signs of botulism in case of poisoning with raw or stale mushrooms appear after half a day, sometimes much later — after 1-3 days.

Poisoning will manifest itself through:

• nausea and a desire to vomit;
• cloudy eyes;
• dizziness;
• frequent loose stools;
• dyspnea;
• dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.

In case of manifestation of the above symptoms, it is necessary to urgently seek help from a specialist.

How to help a sick person at home

The further condition of the patient will depend on how correctly and on time first aid is provided for mushroom poisoning at home.

If you suspect mushroom intoxication, you must do the following:

• Call the hospital and call a doctor for medical assistance, then flush the victim's stomach, induce vomiting.
• Offer to drink one of the sorbents. Well in this case, activated carbon helps at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight.
• In the absence of loose stools, give the patient a laxative tablet.
• To prevent disruption of the cardiovascular system, apply a warm compress to the feet.

It is important that the person drinks as much as possible. This will help avoid exacerbation of intoxication and cleanse the gastrointestinal tract. This is especially important for vomiting and nausea, when the body is dehydrated.

Before the patient receives emergency medical care, he is monitored: the body temperature is measured and the general condition is monitored.

The patient needs calmness and bed rest.

Establishing diagnosis

The examination will help to make an accurate diagnosis.

Providing first aid at home only helps to prevent negative consequences - deterioration of the general condition or death. After its provision, the doctor conducts a comprehensive diagnosis and special treatment.

Diagnostics consists of several activities:

• careful examination of the patient;
• probing (palpation) of the area in the abdomen;
• blood and urine analysis;
• donating blood for the presence of toxic substances;
• electroencephalography procedure;
• deployed LHC;
• procedure for determining the degree of damage to internal organs.

Advice. In order to facilitate the work of specialists in determining the type of toxin in the blood, the remains of the mushroom dish must be saved until the arrival of the doctor and taken with you to the hospital for transfer to the laboratory.

Treatment method

After the diagnosis is made, the patient is prescribed an antidote, taking into account the symptoms that appear:

• with shortness of breath, an intravenous injection of atropine is given;
• in case of increased body temperature - from 38.5 ° C and above - give the drugs "Paracetamol" or "Ibuprofen";
• to restore the water-salt balance during vomiting and diarrhea, give "Regidron", "Oralit" or "Litrozole";
• medical care for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms with severe consequences consists in blood transfusion and intravenous glucose with insulin.

In order for the doctor to be able to make an accurate diagnosis and provide the correct assistance to the patient, the poisonous product is given to a specialist for further research.

In addition to traditional treatment, in order to recover faster, the patient needs to drink potato juice, rice water and chamomile tea. These drinks have a good sorbing and antiseptic effect of action, eliminate diarrhea and inflammation.

Treatment of mushroom poisoning involves adherence to the strictest diet. The patient should completely abandon fatty, spicy, fried and smoked foods, which stress the gastrointestinal tract. Food cooked in a double boiler or boiled foods is allowed. Additionally, it is worth giving up bad habits: smoking and drinking. Eat and drink in small doses.

Preventive measures

To avoid mushroom poisoning, you just need to use the "prevention memo":

• Avoid all mushrooms that cause your doubts when collecting.Today there are many false species similar to edible mushrooms.
• You can get poisoned by mushrooms purchased from the elemental market. Even edible species growing on roads near industrial complexes are toxic, as they can absorb harmful substances and toxins. Mass poisoning is very common for this very reason.
• Don't eat stale mushrooms. The spoiled product is inhabited by parasites that cannot be destroyed even with the most "shock" heat treatment.
• To protect yourself and your family from mushroom poisoning, do not cook stale mushrooms: they also contain harmful parasites (developed during storage) that can cause severe intoxication.
• When going on a "quiet hunt" for mushrooms with children, be careful not to let children taste raw mushrooms.
• When buying canned mushrooms at the supermarket, check the expiration date.
• The preparation time for mushrooms takes more than one hour. Clean them well, rinse under running water, then boil at least 3 times. Drain the water into the sink after each boil.
• If you come across huge edible, but already overripe mushrooms on your way, do not try to collect them. An overripe product is a spoiled protein that has begun to break down, which contains poisons. Such a product is equated to the protein that makes up the shells of shrimp, crabs or beetles. It causes indigestion.

The use of mushrooms is contraindicated in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and children.

Output

The symptoms of mushroom poisoning are much stronger than food intoxication with spoiled foods, so they are easy to identify. To avoid disastrous consequences, it is important to take rescue measures at home on time and with high quality.