Description of the false oiler
Many beneficial mushrooms have a poisonous or inedible counterpart. A false oil can is one of these types. Any mushroom picker, even a beginner, needs to be able to distinguish a double from a real mushroom, especially since false boletus are common in local forests.
Description of the false oiler
Description of species
The oiler got this name for the always wet oily cap. The oil can has its own counterpart, so you need to know what false oil can be and how to distinguish them from the real one.
Mokruha spruce
Mushroom false (empty) oiler is not poisonous. Such mushrooms as boletus are also called spruce moss.
The cap is covered with a mucous membrane, like in representatives of real oil. Spruce peel is a type of oiler differs from a real mushroom in that it belongs to the lamellar species, and the boletus is to the tubular. This species is not dangerous to human health, it is often taken for salting. Mild poisoning with wet fur often occurs in people suffering from chronic diseases of the digestive organs.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Spruce peel belongs to the 4th food category. This means that it is a conditionally edible species that is freely consumed after 15 minutes of boiling. It can also be salted, pickled and canned. True, before heat treatment, you need to remove the mucous skin from the cap (just like from the oiler) and remove the mucus from the surface of the leg. Those who are engaged in cooking mokruha for the first time need to be prepared for the mushroom to darken very much. But - it will preserve all the taste qualities.
Young fruiting bodies of spruce moss can really not be distinguished immediately from butter - you must definitely pick it up. Then the lamellar hymenophore, completely covered with a layer of mucus, will immediately become visible. And it is better to collect it in a separate container - the mushroom has a little cunning - representatives of other species that will be in the same basket with it, it will paint in lilac color.
By the way. In European countries, spruce mokruha is valued on a par with porcini mushrooms.
The hat will not help to distinguish between these species, therefore they look at the entire fruiting body. A real oiler has a tubular layer of light yellow color; in wet fur it is lamellar, whitish, and darkens with age. The twin has a dense cylindrical leg tapering downward. At the base, it is always yellow. The color of the leg of a real oiler matches the cap and the entire fruiting body.
Mokruha forms mycorrhiza less often with pines and often with spruces. The mushroom bears fruit from mid-July to late October.
Pepper flywheel, or pepper oil can
It is not poisonous, and it got its name for its pungent spicy taste. Found in dry coniferous and birch forests. Outwardly, it looks like real boletus. If you take a closer look, the differences become noticeable:
- the surface of the cap is dry, velvety, without a mucous membrane;
- the skin is not removed;
- the leg is not whitish-grayish like in the present species, but is painted in bright reddish tones;
- there is no light film on the back of the cap - a private bedspread.
The fruit body has a spicy, peppery taste. With proper cooking, the pulp is quite edible.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Pepper can form mycorrhiza with pine, therefore it is often found in coniferous forests and much less often in spruce, mixed or deciduous. Usually, one fruiting body is formed on the mycelium, and less often 2-3. Its range occupies the entire northern temperate zone. They even found him on the island of Tasmania.
By the way. The goat is a species similar to it.
It is difficult to distinguish false boletus from the photo, it is better to know exactly how they look.
Contraindications
Poisoning with false oil does not threaten human life. Digestive upset usually occurs, but sometimes more complex problems arise. False boils, like real ones, are heavy food and not everyone can add them to the diet. Even real boletus in some people causes an unforeseen reaction of the body. If a person has digestive problems, it is better for him to refuse mushroom dishes or resort to them on rare occasions.
Mushroom pulp is extremely allergenic. Under natural conditions, substances that are alien to our body accumulate in it. The hypersensitive organism of allergy sufferers reacts to them instantly and in a very diverse way. It can often be difficult to even assume that this is a food response to the mushrooms eaten. Such people can buy mushroom delicacies in supermarkets. They are grown in artificial conditions and their composition is not so dangerous.
Application
False oil can be eaten
Fruit bodies have long been used by people for a variety of needs. Now interest in them has renewed. There was such a branch of medical science - fungotherapy. Scientists are seriously interested in the possibilities that can be drawn from the mushroom kingdom for a breakthrough in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
In cooking
False boletus - mushroom species of a lower grade in comparison with the real edible species. But they are also prized for their taste and nutritional value. Having passed the appropriate processing, false boletus mushrooms become safe and acquire a pleasant rich taste. Only after that, mushrooms are used to prepare culinary dishes: they are fried, soups are boiled, and the filling for savory pastries is made.
Spruce bark is used for food after heat treatment. It is necessary to remove the mucous membrane from her cap and rinse thoroughly from the mucus covering the leg and the plate of the hymenophore. Many gourmets fry the mushroom without boiling it first. In our country, spruce moss is considered a third-rate species. It is well known in European countries and is a popular delicacy.
Flywheels are also edible if boiled before cooking. They are salted, pickled, and various dishes are prepared from them. Before salting, the mushrooms are poured over with boiling water, and then dipped into a boiling liquid. So the mushroom pulp will not turn black during the cooking process and will retain its appetizing appearance.
In medicine
Many false species are used in traditional medicine. They are used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of medicines. The spectrum of their action is extremely wide - from antiviral, antibacterial to antitumor. The mushroom pulp contains a powerful anti-cancer substance that surpasses in its strength all natural compounds known to date.
If you remove the mucous membrane from the cap of the moss and apply it to the wound, the healing process will be significantly accelerated. Tincture on mushroom pulp strengthens the immune system, memory, improves blood composition, eliminates headaches and nervous disorders.
The flywheel contains rare enzymes, as well as essential oils that facilitate and accelerate the digestion of food. This species significantly improves the functioning of the digestive tract.It also has diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, and contains a large amount of vitamin D. Such characteristics make the flywheel useful for the kidneys. Regular consumption of mushroom pulp regulates the functions of this paired organ and prevents the possible development of pathologies.
In cosmetology
These mushrooms are used in the manufacture of cosmetics. The substances contained in them have an amazing effect on the skin and the body as a whole. Mushroom cosmetics not only provide daily skin care, but also solve more complex problems.
Growing methods
Pepper moss can also be grown in personal plots. To do this, use two methods:
- Sowing mushroom spores into the ground: for this, several fruit bodies are broken into small pieces and placed in prepared soil.
- Uses of wild growing mycelium: it is necessary to transfer part of the soil from the forest along with the mycelium. A stump or log is also transferred. Holes are drilled in them and mycelium is laid there. To obtain a harvest, frequent watering of mushroom places is needed.
Conclusion
Conditionally edible species require a lot of attention and care. Their name and detailed description can be found in mushroom guides and encyclopedias. Despite the existing contraindications, these mushrooms also have a number of useful properties.
