Mushrooms
There are many types of edible mushrooms. Some of the most delicious and healthy mushrooms are podlivniki. Their scientific name is garden entoloma, or thyroid. They belong to the Entolom family and the Entoloma genus. Representatives of the genus are often found in mixed types of forests, are popular due to their pleasant taste and useful properties.
Mushroom
Description of appearance
Description of the sub-cup:
- the diameter of the cap is 7-12 cm. In a young mushroom, it has a bell-shaped or conical shape, smooth to the touch. It gets dark in wet weather.
- the color of the cap, depending on age, changes from light gray to brown;
- on the underside there are wide beige plates;
- the leg is grayish, cylindrical, twisted or curved.
The leg breaks easily, becomes hollow in old age. Does not have the usual ring for honey agarics. The pulp is fibrous, has a weak mealy taste, there is no smell. The resulting spore powder has a light pink color.
Sublitches are found in different types of forests, but more often in deciduous and mixed ones near birch, oak or rowan. In home garden plots, they grow next to fruit trees or bushes of roses and hawthorns.
Begins to bear fruit in large quantities in July-June. Rarely grows alone, more often found in small groups.
Mushroom species
It is a popular genus of mushroom that includes both edible and venomous species. The most common, in addition to the garden entoloma (they can be considered false counterparts of this fungus), are:
- The undersloup is pale brown: it is distinguished by a brown-green cap and a white leg. Begins to bear fruit in May, is conditionally edible.
- Spring undersweet: its cap is darker than that of other species, it is small in size. Fruiting in April and May. Refers to poisonous.
- Squeezed-out cup: has a yellow-brown cap and a pungent smell of ammonia. Belongs to the category of poisonous mushrooms.
- Pewter drip tray, or poisonous: the cap is light gray, the plates of the hymenophore are yellow. The cap in young mushrooms is convex, in old ones, on the contrary, it is open. Its surface is silky. The pulp is thick, exudes an unpleasant odor. The mushroom is classified as poisonous, when eaten can cause severe intestinal upset.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In case of poisoning with entoloma, the following symptoms may appear:
- dizziness;
- nausea and vomiting;
- loss of coordination;
- long lasting migraine;
- weakness in the body;
- diarrhea and flatulence.
Please note! If even one symptom appears, an urgent need to consult a doctor.
Did you know? Entoloma Sadovaya has an amazing relative - Blue Entoloma. The name itself speaks of its sky-blue color. The mushroom is found exclusively in the tropical forests of India and New Zealand. The unusual appearance made this look a "star" - it is depicted on New Zealand $ 50 banknotes.
Despite the fact that the podlivnik has been used for food for a long time, mycologists have not come to a final conclusion - is it poisonous or not?
Beneficial features
This mushroom has many beneficial properties. Used as an antibiotic in the treatment of tuberculosis. Special medicines are prepared from it, which help to quickly cure the disease. And thanks to the special substances in the composition, the sub-cup prevents blood clotting.
It removes toxins from the body and improves immunity. It also destroys viruses, therefore it is especially useful for colds.
Contraindications
The podlivnik has no contraindications to use, but it is important not to forget that it is conditionally edible. Therefore, you should first boil the mushroom for 15-20 minutes, drain the water, and then add it to soups, fry or marinate.
To avoid poisoning, these mushrooms should not be picked after a long drought, because in the first rain they absorb a lot of toxins. Also, do not pick mushrooms growing next to toadstools and other poisonous fruits.
Application
The legs of the mushroom are not eaten
Entoloma is often used in cooking. It is necessary to cut off their legs, because, due to the extra rigidity, they will spoil the taste of the dish.
Also, the podlivnik is often used in medicine. Some drugs are prepared from it and used in folk medicine.
In cooking
These mushrooms are fried and added to the first courses. They are especially suitable for pickling and pickling. In this case, they do not need to be soaked, just boil them. Salting recipe:
- boil the fruit bodies twice, drain the water;
- pour clean water, add garlic, salt, spices and cook for another hour;
- fold under oppression and leave in the refrigerator for 2 days.
First courses are tasty. Description of making entoloma soup:
- pre-cook chicken broth and remove chicken from it;
- finely chop mushrooms, onions and fry in olive oil for 10-15 minutes;
- add 1/3 cup of brandy to the pan and simmer the mushrooms until it evaporates;
- ready-made mushrooms are added to the broth, salted, pepper.
A warm salad is prepared from the podlivniki. Mushrooms are finely chopped, boiled for 5 minutes and thrown back through a colander. Next, chop the tomatoes, onions and garlic and fry for 1 minute, then add the mushrooms and stew for another 3-4 minutes. For a more pleasant taste, add spices, herbs or lemon juice.
In medicine
This mushroom contains substances that help in the fight against many diseases. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, effectively fights against viruses, and in combination with drug treatment helps to overcome tuberculosis. It contains such useful elements:
- minerals and amino acids - help to restore the skin, slow down the aging process;
- polysaccharides - strengthen the immune system;
- phytosteroids - have a positive effect on the reproductive system;
- antioxidants - rejuvenate the body;
- active phytoncides - suppress viruses.
To prepare alcoholic tinctures, take a glass of alcohol and dried or fresh mushrooms. They are crushed, put in a jar, poured with liquid and left to infuse for 2 weeks in a dark place.
To strengthen the immune system, take 1 tbsp. medicines three times a day. For colds, drink 2 tablespoons. a day 30 minutes before meals.
Growing methods
Slippers can also be grown at home. It is better to use a ready-made store-bought mycelium, one package of it will be enough for 2-3 m². Mushroom planting rules:
- Fluff the soil and make 5-10 cm depressions in it. Distribute the mycelium evenly.
- Sprinkle it with soil mixed with humus. Add regular earth on top.
This organism can be planted at any time of the year, it germinates well under any trees. In dry weather, watered every day, 1 m2 use 7-10 liters of water. The first harvest can be carried out after 5 months after sowing the mycelium.
Conclusion
The undersweet is a popular mushroom that can be found in various latitudes. It is conditionally edible. Before use, it must be boiled.
It is easy to grow it yourself in the garden, it is unpretentious in maintenance and gives a good harvest within 5 months after planting. In folk medicine, it is used to treat colds and strengthen the body.
