Places of growth of mushrooms
Places of growth of mushrooms are found in different forests of Russia. Fruiting usually lasts from mid-summer to late autumn. To get a full basket of mushrooms, you need to know where to go on a "quiet hunt."
Places of growth of Gruzdey
Collection time
The first specimens of this species are found in August and grow until October. In regions with a warmer climate, the organism appears in July. The largest harvest occurs in August - September. The optimum temperature for mushroom growth is + 8… + 11 ° С.
Milk mushrooms usually appear after prolonged rains. It is better to collect them when precipitation is not heavy. With a strong soil moisture, mushrooms grow in a few days, but become unsuitable for storage. Small elastic and strong specimens should be chosen. Mature ones are severely damaged by worms.
Growing places
These mushrooms love low temperatures, and therefore grow in the northern regions of Russia and Europe. They are rare in the south. The mycelium develops for a long time, so it is worth looking for it in forests with old deciduous tree species.
They form a symbiotic union with other plants for a mutually beneficial existence. Form mycorrhiza with such trees, representatives of different departments - Angiosperms and Gymnosperms:
- Birch tree;
- aspen;
- oak;
- Pine;
- spruce.
Mushrooms are often harvested in birch groves and mixed forests. It grows less often in coniferous forests.
In the forests, milk mushrooms grow mainly in colonies, they prefer wet, but not wetlands. The areas should be well warmed up by the sun. Mushrooms hide in the grass, in moss, under rotten leaves, forming specific tubercles on the surface. Fruit bodies are often found under the ground. In places where they grow, a specific smell appears: a mixture of aromas of mushrooms, fruits and horseradish.
Varieties
In some areas, specimens of only a certain species grow, in others, different representatives of these fungi are found. It's good if the mushroom picker knows where to look for them, when it is better to go to the forest for this or that species.
White
Other names: real milk, raw. White milk mushrooms form mycorrhiza with birch. Sometimes they are found in a pine forest. Rarely grow alone. Nearby, there are most often grasses and shrubs, as well as plants such as strawberries, bracken ferns, drupes.
Mushrooms grow in groups
Habitats of the species:
- central regions of the European part of Russia;
- Transbaikalia - near the city of Chita;
- Western Siberia - Tyumen, the vicinity of Tobolsk, Surgut, part of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, Altai Territory, etc.
The black
The second name is nigella. Prefers places in the sun. Black milk mushrooms, like white ones, create a symbiotic union with birch. They are found on glades, roadsides, edges of glades, along streams.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In wet weather, moisture accumulates on the cap of a black mushroom due to the presence of a hairy edge. This mushroom belongs to the 3rd category of edibility and is used for salting. When salted, the cap of the black mushroom becomes wine-red.In Poland, black milk mushroom is called "toadstool", but it is still recognized as edible. For your information. For salting, it is best to use young milk mushrooms, the caps of which do not exceed 7 cm in diameter, and the leg length is 1 cm.
Collect nigella in large quantities in such places:
- European, Far Eastern forests;
- environs of St. Petersburg;
- Ural;
- Siberia.
Oak
Occurs in oak forests, broad-leaved forests, dominated by oaks and hazel, beech and hornbeam. Grows in small groups. Loves humus loams. The ripening of the fruiting body goes underground. On the surface, it appears already mature. It is collected in the middle lane and in the south, as well as in the Leningrad and Volgograd regions.
Aspen
Its second name is poplar mushroom. Found in deciduous forests dominated by willows, aspens and poplars. Grows individually or in small groups. They find him at the bottom of ravines and in the lowlands. The hat is white with pink and lilac areas. Fruiting lasts from mid-summer until the first frost. Collected in the region of the Lower Volga region, in the floodplain of the Volga river, in the Volga district - Kirov region.
Pepper
It is found in small colonies almost everywhere, especially in deciduous forests. Forms mycorrhiza with birch, oak, hazel and other tree species. Prefers well-drained clay soils. The crop is harvested from mid-July to autumn frosts. Mass fruiting occurs in August - September.
Yellow
Looks like a real lump. Occurs in the northern part of coniferous or spruce-fir forests. Prefers moist clay soil.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The yellow lump is very often called the yellow lump. Coniferous and less often birch forests are familiar to him. The flesh of the mushroom is white, yellowing at the cut, like the white caustic milky juice in the flesh (when it comes into contact with air in dry weather, it turns yellow, but in rainy weather it does not). The taste of the pulp is spicy, the smell is fruity. They use this type of mushrooms salted and pickled. In its taste, it does not differ from a real milk mushroom. Like real milk mushroom, yellow milk mushroom traditionally belongs to the best mushrooms, although it is also called conditionally edible due to the presence of caustic milky juice.
It grows from August to October, which is convenient for mushroom pickers. At the end of this period, the yellow lump can no longer be found. Found in the northern regions of Russia: Irkutsk, Sakhalin, Murmansk and other regions.
Bluish
Also known as golden yellow milk mushroom. He has the same hat as the yellow milk mushroom, but the milky juice that stands out on the break has a characteristic purple color, as well as its rare plates. Found in coniferous and deciduous forests. Grows individually or in groups. Hiding under the leaves. Harvested from mid-August and almost until the time it snows.
Conclusion
It is better to leave for a quiet hunt in the morning, while there is still dew (5-6 hours). The mushroom fruit caps are shiny and more visible at this time. They can be clearly seen even after the rain. Others can grow next to one specimen, so it is worthwhile to find one to carefully look around.
Knowing where they grow, you can quickly reap a good harvest. If you go far behind them, it is worth trying to grow mushrooms at home. This is often done in the country. They will delight you with productivity for a long time if the autumn turns out to be warm and rainy.
