Pruning grapes in the middle lane
Grapes are a thermophilic crop that requires careful maintenance when grown. Pruning grapes in the middle lane is important for the growth and development of the plant. Learning pruning techniques will allow budding growers and professionals to choose the right method and create beautiful vineyards.
Pruning grapes in the middle lane
What is vineyard pruning for?
Pruning vines has a positive effect on the yield and taste of the fruit.
The need for pruning is as follows:
- increasing the yield of grapes and the speed of its ripening;
- an increase in the size of the fruit;
- beautiful design of shrubs;
- improvement of culture.
Pruning is recommended in the fall for any grape variety. In the spring, you should not do this, because shaping creates a stressful situation for the plant during this period. In spring, grapes spend energy and juice for renewal, this reduces the yield level, slows down the stages of ripening.
In summer and early autumn, it is worth pinching the shoots, cutting off diseased and dry branches, thinning the foliage on the vines.
Time to trim
A long autumn is observed in central Russia. It is worth choosing the right time period for cutting off grape bushes. It is carried out in stages:
- the first stage consists in pruning diseased shoots after harvesting, while the young shoots of the vineyard must be pinched;
- after 14 days, deep shaping is done, while the street temperature does not drop below -3 ° C.
Pruning is carried out using a pruner and garden shears, a hacksaw. At the beginning, they are treated with a manganese solution or alcohol.
Pruning rules
Pruning in the fall should be done in a timely manner and adhere to certain rules for the formation of bushes:
- 2-3 cm are left above the peephole, so the stump will be saved from damage;
- the depth of pruning depends on the thickness and age of the shoot, branches with an age of 5 years or more are cut completely;
- the places of the cuts should look inward, be located on one side of the bushes;
- young vineyards are formed based on the age according to the chosen scheme;
- replacement shoots are selected in old vineyards. They are cut short, but they cannot be removed completely;
- with short pruning, 2-3 buds are left, with a long one - 10 or more eyes.
Formation of young vineyards
With the help of pruning, the formation of bushes is carried out, a sleeve is formed that bears fruits, and green foliage grows.
The formation of young vineyards in the middle lane is carried out according to the rules:
- bushes of 1 year are cut to 2-4 buds, of which new shoots will develop in the next season;
- a two-year vine contains 2-4 shoots, some are pruned, 2 buds remain, others are shortened to 4-10 eyes, if the bushes are weak, pruning is done to 2-4 buds;
- on a three-year-old grape bush, replacement branches are formed, 2-3 eyes remain on them, the main shoots consist of 10-12 buds.
After 3 years, subject to the rules of pruning, the grape bushes will have 3-6 fruiting sleeves.
Pruning an adult vineyard
Prune carefully
If within 3 years in the fall, the pruning of grape bushes was carried out in the right way, they will form without problems. The formation of an adult vineyard is carried out subject to the rules of circumcision:
- fruiting shoots are removed in the current year;
- arrows are cut to 5-10 buds;
- the lower branch is cut to 2-3 eyes, changes with new shoots;
- shoots with a thickness of 10-12 cm are removed.
The arrows are trimmed carefully, after cutting they are covered, especially in the Volga region, when grown in the southern regions, they are tied to a trellis.
Vineyard Formation Schemes
Vine bushes are formed according to one of the existing patterns. It is worth choosing it depending on the variety, place of cultivation and other features.
Guyot technology
According to the Guyot technology, 1-2 fruiting arms remain on the bush in the first 2 years. Then 1-2 arrows grow, which will bear fruit. They are tied to a horizontal wire. 2 arrows point in different directions.
Fan way
On the bush there are 3-8 sleeves that bear fruit. On a one-year vineyard, 2-3 eyes are left, on a two-year vineyard, 2 eyes are added. In the 3rd year, the shoots are strengthened horizontally. On weak bushes 3-4 sleeves are formed, on strong and adults - up to 8 sleeves.
The cultivation of grape bushes using the Guyot technology and the fan-shaped method in the central regions of Russia, the Volga region, assumes that in the winter the vine is removed from the trellis and sheltered from frost.
Arbor pruning
The method is suitable for growing grapes in southern regions with a gazebo or arch. With this scheme, the annual vine is cut in the desired way, in the 2nd year the arrows are directed along the support. Further, the trimming is carried out arbitrarily for the decoration of the site.
Conclusion
For budding wine growers, autumn trimming is not an easy task. With the right choice of time, method and scheme, pruning of vineyards will improve the yield of plants, make it possible to beautifully arrange shrubs and enjoy the taste of the fruit.