Varieties of black grapes

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Black grapes are a variety with dark blue berries. It is grown on an industrial scale, most often used in winemaking, consumed fresh and dried. The berry contains a lot of nutrients.

Varieties of black grapes

Composition of black grapes

The benefits of black grapes for the body have long been proven. It is recommended for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Beneficial substances are found in pulp, peel and bones. Berries are prized for the following:

• They are high in antioxidants. There are more than 300 of them. These substances neutralize free radicals that damage cells and contribute to a decrease in immunity, the development of malignant tumors. Antioxidants contain not only pulp, but also bones, from which medicinal and cosmetic oils are made.
• The dark color of the berries is partly due to the high content of flavonoids, which have a positive effect on the heart and blood vessels. Resveratrol lowers blood cholesterol, counteracts cancerous cell degeneration. Querticin prevents platelet aggregation and blood clots.
• Phenolic acids in combination with flavonoids lower cholesterol and even partially dissolve already formed plaques.
• Pectin or vegetable wax regulates the digestive system, acts as a sorbent for toxic substances.
• Phytosterols have antioxidant properties, have a positive effect on the state of the immune system, and counteract the multiplication of viruses and bacteria.

In addition to these biologically active substances, black grapes contain a lot of vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to health. The first place among them is taken by ascorbic acid and vitamin K. Vitamin C enhances immunity, strengthens capillaries. Vitamin K affects blood clotting. Beta-carotene improves night vision, skin, nails and hair condition, immunity.

The composition of the BZHU (proteins, fats, carbohydrates):

• proteins (proteins) - 0.2 g;
• fats - 0.1 g;
• carbohydrates - 16.2 g.

BJU ratio: 1: 1: 98%

The calorie content of 100 g of the product is approximately 2.8-3.5% of the daily value for a person. Indicators vary, depending on the variety.

The benefits and harms of black grapes

Black grapes are both beneficial and harmful to human health. There are conditions in which it is advised to eat these delicious berries. But there are also contraindications to their use.

The benefits of black grapes

Black grapes are useful for many diseases. It is recommended for prophylaxis, maintenance of performance. Its effect on the human body:

• Improves memory, concentration.
• Soothes, relieves stress.
• Prevents the development of Alzheimer's disease in older people.
• Prevents cancer.
• Reduces sugar in diabetes.
• Regulates the work of the cardiovascular system, reduces blood pressure.
• The benefits of black grapes are characteristic for vision: it improves the condition of the retina.
• Improves the work of the organs of the endocrine system.
• Thinns phlegm, reduces cough.

These berries are recommended for people involved in mental work, students and schoolchildren. In small quantities, they are advised to be used for diabetes mellitus. Grapes are indicated for hypertension, coronary heart disease, during the period of rehabilitation after a heart attack, atherosclerosis. It helps well to fight colds, bronchitis, prevents these diseases. In small doses, grapes with seeds strengthens, if you use a lot of it, it weakens.

Berries are especially good for women

The benefits of black grapes for women have been proven. It regulates hormones, improves the menstrual cycle. Regular consumption of berries helps to get rid of menstrual pain, premenstrual syndrome. They improve the condition of the skin of the face, hair, and slow down aging. Pulp and juice masks smooth out fine wrinkles, remove age spots. For men, fruits are also beneficial. The rich composition of minerals and vitamins contained in them improves the quality of sperm, therefore eating berries is advised for infertility.

Black grapes with seeds are especially useful. They contain the most antioxidants. He is advised to eat for the prevention and treatment of colds, prevention of oncology. The product is included in diet food because of its low calorie content. After using it, you want to eat less, your appetite decreases. Only a nutritionist should prescribe food for weight loss, since the berry has contraindications for use.

The harm of black grapes

Black grapes are harmful if you eat too much of it. Pregnant women are not recommended to abuse berries.

It is necessary to limit the use of grapes for patients with diabetes mellitus, since it contains a large amount of glucose. It is contraindicated in acute gastrointestinal diseases, gastritis, ulcers.

Digestive disorders occur if you eat berries with fatty foods, milk, mineral water. It is not recommended to use them at night. Do not give grapes to children under one year old.

Black grape wine varieties

Wine varieties of black grapes are grown on an industrial scale. Most of the harvest goes to the production of the oldest alcoholic beverage. Some also go on sale fresh and are used for juices.

A brief description of the most popular varieties:

• Odessa. It is called so because it was bred in the Odessa region. The bunch is medium, weighs 140-280 g, the berry is round, black, with a diameter of 113-16 mm and a thin skin, the flower is bisexual. Young leaves with a rich wine tint, mature ones - dark green. Ripening - 160-165 days, high yield.
• Maxi. Late variety with high frost resistance. It has elongated cone-shaped clusters of small size (300-350 g). The fruits are oval, small (3-4 g), the color is dark purple or black. Average sugar content, high acidity.
• Bako. Wine grapes with small conical bunches weighing up to 300 g. Fruits are round, weighing 7-8 g, dense skin, pleasant taste. The variety does not affect gray spot, oidium, phyloxera.
• Pinot. An ancient French variety with small, cylindrical bunches. The fruits are medium, round, blue-violet, the juice has no color. The harvest is medium or low. The variety goes to the production of champagne and vintage wine.
• Krasnostop. Bred and grown on the Don. The bunch has a cone shape, medium density. The fruits are round, the flesh is slimy, spreads, the taste is slightly sour. It produces red or almost black sweet and table wine.
• Mavrud. The homeland of this variety is Bulgaria. The clusters are large, with wings, widened at the base. The fruits are small, round, blue-purple, with a thick skin. Suitable for high quality red table wines.
• Alicante Boucher. French hybrid with small dense clusters. Fruits are medium in size, round, with dense skins, red juice. The species has a high yield, suitable for table and dessert wines.
• Kakhet. It grows in Armenia, has clusters that resemble a cone.with high or medium density, round or oval blue-violet berries have a slight wine shade. The skin is dense, the inside is juicy, the juice is light. This black grape is always useful in industrial farms, used for the production of wines and cognac.
• Kopchak. Moldovan grape derived from the Serexia variety. The bunches are large, branching, with wings. The fruit is round, small, dark blue, the flesh melts, the juice is light. The taste is spicy, suitable for the production of sweet wines.

The health benefits of drinking red wine in moderation are almost the same as drinking juice or fresh fruits. They are contraindicated only during pregnancy, since they harm the nursing mother and child. They say that the secret of the long-livers of the Caucasus is precisely in the use of red wine. Only it should be natural and of high quality.

Table varieties of black grapes

There are many varieties of black grapes

Table varieties have become popular in recent years. They have a rich and sophisticated taste. High-yielding and winter-hardy hybrids have been bred, therefore grapes are cultivated in different regions. Several interesting varieties:

• Moldova, or Black Prince. Late variety, which is harvested in the third decade of September. The berries are oval, with a plump skin and white pectin bloom. Fruit length - 25 mm, diameter - 19 mm, weight - about 6 g. Sugar content is high, up to 20%, increases during storage. The pulp is juicy, with a plum flavor. The mass of the bunches is 300-600 g.
• Kishmish, or black kish-mish. This variety is suitable for the production of raisins and fresh consumption. The berries are oval in shape with a flat base, richly coated with pectin, which gives them a blue tint. The middle is dense, fragrant, with a characteristic crunch. The bunches are medium, conical. The variety is seedless, some fruits have small reduced seeds.
• Orchid. Super early variety suitable for home cultivation. Differs in frost resistance and good disease resistance. The bunches are large, in the shape of a cone. The fruits weigh about 12 g, resemble fingers with a sharp tip. The skin is of medium thickness, does not crack. The pulp is dark red, juicy, crunchy.
• Autumn. Late variety with large clusters, weighing up to 500-700 g. Flowers are bisexual, fruits are oval or ovoid, dark blue, 27 × 22 mm in size. The pulp is firm. The yield is high. The variety is prone to cracking, it is affected by gray rot.
• Mercedes. Ripens in the second half of August. The fruits are large, oval, colored black. The taste is sweet. The variety belongs to table desserts, has a low acidity.
• Moscow. A variety with increased frost resistance and high yield. The clusters are large, conical, often winged. The fruits are oval, with a wide base, there are 2-3 seeds inside, there are berries without seeds. The taste is sweet, the yield is high.
• Black crystal. This is a very early hybrid variety, its ripening time is 90-110 days. The flowers of the vine are bisexual, the berries are shaped like an egg with a narrowed base, weigh 10-12 g. The bunch is large, often weighing more than 900 g.
• Widow. A new hybrid variety with large fruits, weighing up to 20-25 g. Fruits of a rich dark shade, have the shape of a regular oval. The taste is sweet, the middle is firm, crunchy.
• Panther. A variety with large sweet fruits, their length is up to 35-40 mm, weight is more than 15 g. The shape is oval, the color is dark purple. The fruits are covered with white pectin on top. The pulp is full of juice, sweet, reminiscent of Moldova grapes. Bunches of moderate looseness, weighing 700-1200 g.
• Kishmish Black Sultan. It is a seedless variety that ripens early. Fruits are spherical, slightly elongated, small, weighing up to 3 g, sweet and juicy. The bunch is a cylinder or a cone, dense, its weight is 300-700 g.
• Emerald. A variety with a high yield, 2-3 clusters ripen on one shoot, which weigh on average 0.5 kg.Fruits are elongated, weighing up to 5 g, of a coal shade, with a soft skin and a crispy center.
• Cherry. Original grapes with a cherry flavor. The bunches are large, up to 1.2 kg. The berries are elongated, 36 × 22 mm in size, dark, ripen early. The variety is praised for its good winter hardiness.
• Magic. An early table hybrid harvested in summer. The bunches weigh 500-700 g, compacted. The fruits are large, ovoid, weighing 6-8 g, the skin is strong. The taste of the pulp is sweet and sour.
• Baron. The ripening time for this variety is 120-125 days. The bunches are massive, weighing 700-900 kg, sometimes reaching 2.5 kg. The fruits weigh about 7 g, dark blue, round in shape. The middle is crispy and juicy with a spicy aftertaste.
• Nadezhda Azos. Variety with vigorous bushes. The bunches are loose or slightly compacted, their weight is 400-600 g. The fruits are elongated, each weighs 7-8 g, the taste is sweet and sour, simple.
• BCHZ, ChBZ or in Memory of Dombrovsky. Seedless grapes with good frost resistance. The flower has both stamens and pistils, winged clusters, in the shape of a cylinder, weighing up to 1.5 kg. The berry is round, dark blue, weight - 2.1-2.5 g. It tolerates transportation well.
• Lucy. Variety with female flowers, large conical clusters. The fruit is large, up to 8 g in weight, nipple-shaped. The peel is dense, the middle is bright red. The fruits ripen at the end of August, do not crack and do not attract wasps.
• Husayne. Southern species growing in Central Asia. The bunches are medium, resembling a narrowed cone. Fruits are dark blue, oval, with tapered tips. The peel is strong, with pectin dusting, the middle is juicy.
• Beak. Grapes with heavy, shapeless bunches weighing up to 1 kg. The fruits are hook-shaped, dark, weigh about 15 g, have a size of 36 × 22 cm, do not burst or are damaged by wasps.
• Raven. Early grape ripening in late July or early August. It is distinguished by massive bunches and large crunchy fruits, dense skin. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness and a silky aftertaste.
• Crimean. It is a table variety that is grown commercially. The bunches are elongated, cylindrical-conical, sweaty, weighing about 300 g. The grapes have black berries, large, oval or ovoid, with dense skin and juicy pulp, few seeds.
• Souvenir. Variety with high and constant yield. The bunches are conical, loose, elongated, weighing 250-300 g. Fruits are large, ovoid, elongated, with a nutmeg-thorny flavor.
• Rock. Winter-hardy variety with early ripening. The crop is harvested in some areas, when summer is only passing through the second half. The bunches are heavy, up to 800 g. Fruits are oval, some weigh 30 g.

Table black varieties are very popular with gardeners. They are also grown on an industrial scale. Some are versatile, used to make wine.

How black grapes are used

Black grapes have beneficial properties and are widely used in various areas of the food industry. Some varieties can be stored all winter, so it is easy to buy berries throughout the year. True, their taste out of season is not very good, and the price is high.

Dark varieties are used to make red grape juice. Less commonly, raisins are made from them. Dried grapes are tasty, but inferior in external qualities to white. Some varieties are well suited for making jams and preserves. They are actively used to decorate cakes and desserts.

Not only the pulp has useful properties and the possibility of application. The seeds and skins are used for aromatherapy. Seed oil is added to many cosmetics. It cleanses and moisturizes the skin, gives it elasticity, prevents aging and the formation of wrinkles.

The main direction of using black grape varieties is winemaking. It is used to make table, dessert and fortified red wines. Some varieties are suitable for the production of cognac.Less commonly, dark grapes are used for champagne. Also, liqueurs, tinctures, grape vodka are made from berries.