Temperature for tomatoes in the greenhouse
Tomatoes are the most thermophilic culture, therefore special conditions are needed for their maintenance. The greenhouse allows you to establish a Mediterranean climate on the site. The temperature in the tomato greenhouse must be at a certain level so that the crop can produce maximum yield.
Temperature for tomatoes in the greenhouse
Permissible temperature for planting
The most important factor when planting tomatoes is the optimum ground temperature. It is measured shallow from the surface.
Before starting planting, make sure that the temperature for growing tomatoes in the greenhouse reaches at least 15 ° C. To prevent root rotting, the soil temperature should be at least 10 ° C.
For effective heating of the earth, the film greenhouse is covered in advance.
If the seedlings are planted before optimal conditions are established, a little hot water is poured into each hole.
Temperature conditions for growing
Tomatoes do not tolerate even slight cold weather, therefore, for growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse, they control the temperature. These delicate plants are extremely strict in maintaining a rational temperature at every step of their development.
The influence of temperature on growing tomatoes:
- below 0.5 ° С - tomatoes die immediately;
- below 5 ° С - tomatoes are damaged and then disappear;
- 15 ° С - vegetables begin to grow, but require a further increase in temperature;
- below 15 ° С - minerals are not absorbed so quickly and efficiently, roots develop slowly, access to water becomes difficult, they take root worse;
- 10 ° C - the roots stop absorbing nutrients from the soil, stop growing;
- from 25 ° С to 30 ° С - comfortable conditions for the development of culture.
The optimal daytime temperature in a greenhouse for tomatoes is considered to be from 21 ° C to 23 ° C, and at night - from 17 ° C to 18 ° C. For tomatoes, this is the best climatic environment that they can withstand. They better absorb minerals, moisture, nutrients from the soil, which has a positive effect on the quality of the fruit.
Air humidity is an important factor.
If after planting the seedlings it becomes cooler, the greenhouse is additionally heated artificially.
Minimum temperature threshold
The minimum temperature for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse depends on the plant variety. The average is from 5 ° C to 7 ° C. There are special frost-resistant varieties that can withstand sub-zero temperatures for a short time.
Frost resistance depends on the plant variety
To harden tomatoes before planting, the seedlings are briefly exposed outside in the sun. This increases the resistance of the plants.
Tomatoes are freezing
When a sudden cold snap sets in, the plants stop growing or freeze. Those growing closest to the soil are the first to feel the cooling. When frozen to -1 ° C, the seedlings stop growing. Some varieties are able to withstand temperatures down to -3 ° C.
Greenhouse temperature control
The temperature in the tomato greenhouse should differ from the outside air by 3 ° C-4 ° C.
Artificially increasing the temperature in the greenhouse
To increase the temperature in the greenhouse at night, additional layers of film are used, attaching them with clasps. This action creates an air cushion that separates the greenhouse environment from the outside air. The side walls of the greenhouse are protected with foamed film.
The additional base of a low greenhouse will be able to limit the amount of air above the plants. It is made from wood twigs of a vine or wire 2-3 mm, and the coating is made of perforated or whole film up to 0.5 mm wide.
The greenhouse is ventilated, and on sunny days the frame is removed completely or raised high so as not to create drought under it and not to increase the humidity. The soil is covered with a narrow black film.
Reducing the temperature in the greenhouse
To lower the temperature index, polycarbonate greenhouses cannot be made long. They are given open air access through the fronts. The cost of inventory will rise, but on hot sunny days the temperature will drop by 10 ° C.
The outside film can be sprayed with a solution of flour, chalk or clay. To do this, take 2 kg of product per 10 liters of water and 0.4 liters of milk. You cannot use quicklime: it makes the film dull.
In the morning, plants are watered with sufficient water. Use special white shields. They are impervious to infrared radiation and are resistant to rain.
Temperature sensor
With the help of the sensor, it is really possible to find the most correct mode for crop growth. Growing temperature ranges from 16 ° -25 ° C during the day to 12 ° -19 ° C at night.
The soil temperature should always be 14 ° -25 ° C.
Conclusion
Maintaining the temperature regime is the key to a generous and high-quality tomato harvest. Automatic heating can hit your pocket hard, but there are also cheap options: mulching the ground, additional covering with film. Vegetables grow well only if favorable conditions are created for them.