When and how to properly plant tomatoes for seedlings in Siberia
Planting seedlings depends on the region, temperature and humidity level: before planting a crop, it is worth considering all the factors affecting its growth. You can plant tomatoes for seedlings in Siberia all year round: for this you can use a greenhouse or plant an indoor tomato variety on a windowsill. The peculiarities of the region's climate affect the system of irrigation and fertilization of the plant.
Growing tomato seedlings in Siberia
Features of growing tomatoes in Siberia
Tomatoes for seedlings in Siberia are grown according to a simple scheme: seeds are sifted out and germinated, and then the seedlings are planted. Any varieties of tomatoes grow well in a greenhouse under artificial conditions. To land on open ground, you need to find an area with good lighting, which is ventilated, but not in a draft. Tomato seedlings in Siberia need to be watered and fertilized frequently as the soil depletes. Homemade or purchased fertilizers are used to accelerate plant growth.
Climatic features of the region:
- long winter frosts (up to -35 ° С);
- Siberia is dry and warm in summer;
- the soil warms up at the end of May, the warm temperature is set in mid-June;
- from June to the end of summer, the temperature is 25-28 ° C;
- it gets colder in autumn, the first frosts come quickly.
The date of planting and harvesting depends on the variety chosen. It is also necessary for tomatoes to choose a soil with a slightly acidic loamy type environment.
The day of planting seedlings in Siberia should not coincide with the arrival of frost: May and early July are best suited for planting tomatoes.
When to sow seeds
For sowing seeds, boxes 10 cm high are used. Tomatoes are planted to a depth of 1 cm (in prepared cleaned soil). The timing of seed germination directly depends on the temperature regime and soil moisture. The optimum temperature for growing seeds is 25 ° C. With the right conditions, it takes only a week for seeds to germinate from the day of sowing.
The terms for sowing seeds are calculated according to the schedule: 50-65 days before the day of planting seedlings in open ground. On the 10th day, the seeds should sprout, and additional consecration is organized for them. If the seedlings are kept on a windowsill or in a greenhouse, the time before sunrise is calculated - from 45 to 60 days.
When to plant seedlings
Sowing tomatoes in Siberia is possible from the beginning of April, if the ground has time to warm up well. Landing in the greenhouse is carried out from April 1 to April 15 inclusive. Dates for open ground are later - from late May to mid-June. When choosing a planting date, one should be guided by the condition of the soil: if there were late frosts, you should not rush to plant the plant.
The date of planting tomatoes in Siberia directly depends on the day of the last spring frosts. On average, 55 days are counted from this date and only then they start planting seedlings on open ground.In a greenhouse or in a warm room, seedlings can be planted 2-3 weeks earlier than a certain period: by this time, all the necessary conditions must be created in the greenhouse for the seedlings to quickly start and start growing.
What determines the date of disembarkation
The average seedling period for tomatoes is no more than 60 days. Early varieties can be planted 45 days after sowing. In cold regions like Siberia, the timing can vary depending on several factors:
- A variety of culture. The tomato variety determines the growing season of the crop: frost-resistant early varieties are chosen for planting in cold soil. For greenhouses, you can choose any varieties if the gardener creates all the necessary conditions for their proper growth.
- Seed ripening period. A plant ready for open field planting has a strong stem, green leaves and a strong root system. If the seedlings are not ripe before the day of disembarkation, they need additional feeding: the disembarkation period is postponed for several days. It is impossible to plant seedlings later than the end of June, during this period the seedlings are transferred only to the greenhouse. Before planting seeds, you should once again familiarize yourself with the timing of planting of the selected variety.
- Frost date. For central Russia, the last frosts occur in April and May, in rare cases in early July. Before planting seeds, you should study the dates of frost and warming in Siberia.
- Growing conditions. The main emphasis on planting seedlings should be on the care of the crop: good watering and feeding of the roots will improve the quality of the seedlings. The better the conditions for seeds and seedlings, the stronger the bush will sprout outdoors.
It is not worth planting seedlings earlier than the indicated date, even if the weather is warm: the lower layers of the soil after the last frost may not warm up, which will lead to the death of the tomato root system.
It is important to adhere to the recommended planting times
The general scheme of tomato ripening: after planting the seeds, it takes 7-10 days before the first seedlings appear, then the seedlings ripen for 50-60 days (early varieties). Healthy seedlings dive, and it takes another 10 days to recover from the procedure. Based on the average calculations, the date of planting prepared seedlings in Siberia falls on March 22-30, inclusive. Planting late varieties is best in mid-April.
Sowing seedlings
The preparation of seedlings is part of the complex work of planting tomatoes in a garden or greenhouse. Tomatoes are unpretentious to care for: if the gardener sets the correct regime for seedlings, by the appointed time it is ready for transplanting. Conditions for tomato seedlings:
- a lot of light;
- high humidity;
- enough heat.
If the seedlings do not receive the necessary fertilizers and moisture, their growth slows down and by the time of planting, they will not be able to take root. The quality of the future crop, which is planted just in time, directly depends on the readiness of the seedlings for transplantation. Seedlings are grown with a lot of natural and artificial light: if it is dark in the greenhouse, additional lamps must be installed. In a well-lit room, seedlings grow rapidly.
It is necessary to spray tomatoes for planting on open ground in Siberia at least 2 times a week. Humidified air is a favorable environment for the rapid growth of seedlings. By the time of planting, the seedlings should be healthy and strong. The optimum daytime temperature for tomato seedlings is between 18 and 25 ° C.
Root system pick
Picking is a method of pruning the root system to help improve the growth of tomato bushes. For the procedure, separate containers are used in which the treated plants are placed. After a pick, tomatoes will take on the open field faster. For the procedure and restoration of seedlings, an additional week is counted before planting seedlings.After the procedure, the plant needs standard care: the first 3-4 days watering is not required, monitor the condition of the plant - if there are signs of wilting of the leaves, you need to spray the seedling itself. It is necessary to spray with warm water -15-17 ° C. On the 5th day, you can begin to regularly moisten the soil (gardeners are advised to do this every two days). As weeds appear, weed, as the root system grows, hilling.
Pinching the root gives a lush root system that evenly nourishes the entire bush. One stem is planted in separate pots: the fertilized soil is prepared. Two seedlings are used in cases where early varieties do not take root well - two stems increase the chances of growing a healthy, full-fledged bush.
10 days before planting seedlings in the garden, it is hardened. To do this, in the room where the seedlings are kept, the temperature is gradually lowered. The minimum temperature value is reduced to 16 ° C. Such measures are especially important for cold regions like Siberia - after hardening, the plant gets along better. 4 days before planting, pots with dived plants are taken out into the street. Under the influence of external environmental factors, physiological processes in the stems of seedlings change.
Care and watering
For tomatoes that are planned to be planted, watering is important. The more the soil is moistened, the faster the seedlings will start growing. It is important to moisten the soil with mineral fertilizers that strengthen the root system. But, here it is important and adhere to the norm - watering the plants every other day (watch how the soil absorbs liquid, do not allow water to stagnate at the roots), irrigation of the bushes - every three days.
Before planting seedlings at the end of March or in April, the stems are treated with "Photosporin", which enhances the protection of seedlings. The open ground is moistened, and the next watering is planned not earlier than in a week.
Conclusion
Each region has its own climatic characteristics. Siberia is characterized by frosty winters, which quickly turn into warm summers by the end of April - there is no clear spring transition. Preparation of seeds and seedlings begins 2 months before planting seedlings on open ground. By this time, the seedlings need to be prepared and hardened.
It is impossible to plant a plant later than mid-June; already in September, a sharp cold snap comes in Siberia. Correctly calculated time for planting seedlings and harvesting will avoid annoying mistakes.