Rules for processing tomatoes in a greenhouse
To grow quality products in a greenhouse, you need to follow a number of rules. Processing tomatoes in a greenhouse is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance: the process does not require much effort and time.
Rules for processing tomatoes in a greenhouse
Greenhouse processing of tomatoes
Bordeaux liquid is a universal remedy for greenhouse tomatoes. This drug is used when the plant has already undergone fungal diseases. During the formation of bushes and fruits, the land is cultivated with a whole complex.
Before planting, the seeds are treated with a manganese solution: this will disinfect tomato seeds and reduce the risk of disease.
At the time of flowering, spraying with the drug "Abiga Peak" is carried out in order to protect the bush from pests and speed up the process of flower formation.
During the period of fruit formation, preference is given to substances such as "Fitosporin" or "Alirin B". These drugs protect the plant from bacteriosis and phytophthora.
To make the fruits juicier and tastier, the bushes are treated with the "Bud" or "Tomaton" preparation.
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
Like many other fungicide preparations, Bordeaux liquid does not cure the disease, but stops it. Therefore, it is most correct to use all fungicide preparations, not because the plants are sick, but in order not to get sick. All treatments against diseases should be carried out for preventive purposes.
Procedure time
The first processing of tomatoes in greenhouse conditions is carried out 14 days after planting the seedlings. For its implementation, a mullein is used. To prepare the nutrient, you will need 1 liter of mullein, diluted in 10 liters of warm water. At least 0.5 liters of the prepared liquid are poured under each bush.
The second feeding of tomatoes in the greenhouse is carried out 14 days after the first. It consists in the use of complete mineral fertilizers, i.e. ready-made mixtures of various macro and microelements (Azofosk, Nitroammofosk).
Getting rid of insect pests
Tomatoes are often attacked by caterpillars, whiteflies, spider mites or slugs. These insects feed not only on the green part of the bush, but on the fruits, which negatively affects the final level of the harvest.
When small holes are found on the surface of the tomato, it is time to treat the tomatoes with insecticides. They are bred according to the instructions on the package. Timely spraying of the bushes will save the crop.
- Whitefly is destroyed using the drug Confidor.
- Slugs are removed using a special solution from hot chilean peppers. About 20 liters of cayenne pepper is diluted in 10 liters of water and 1 liter is poured into each bush.
- The spider mite is afraid of Karbofos. Also, a tincture of garlic, onion or a soap solution is used against it.
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
To successfully fight insect pests, you need to know at least a little the cycle of their life: when they wake up from hibernation, when and where they lay their eggs, how many days after that the larvae appear. And if holes have already appeared on the tomatoes, then the caterpillars are already inside the fruit. It is too late to spray such plants. This should have been done 10-15 days earlier.
Treatment of diseases
Pillar
Disease can be dealt with
One of the most dangerous diseases affecting tomatoes is stolbur. Signs of the disease - the leaf lobules become smaller, become rough, brittle and from the inside the leaf becomes pink or purple in color. Shoots extend from the main stem at an acute angle. Plants affected in the early stages of life do not bear fruit and dry out. Tomatoes infected during flowering produce poor quality fruits - rough with white veins
Stolbur is a mycoplasma disease. Its vectors are aphids and leafhoppers. There are no cures for the disease itself, the fight is against carriers of the infection
To save the harvest, several stages of processing are carried out:
- before planting, the bushes and soil are treated with insecticides;
- during the formation of ovaries, feeding is carried out with immune stimulants.
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
Stolbur is a disease common in the southern regions of the country - the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region. But with climate change - warming - carriers of infections and the disease itself began to appear in other more northern regions of the country.
Black bacterial spot
The symptom of bacterial black spot is the presence of watery patches that turn black over time. On the affected fruits, convex numerous small black spots appear, surrounded by a watery border.
To reduce the risk of this disease, preventive procedures are carried out: in the fall, after harvesting, all the remaining tops are removed. Also, in the fall and spring, the soil is sprayed with special antibiotics.
There is no cure for this disease. At the first signs of it, the bush is eradicated and burned.
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
The bacteria of this disease are transmitted with seeds and overwinter on plant debris. They are transmitted from plant to plant with splashing water and air currents. Warm weather and high rainfall in summer increase the spread of the disease. Early tomato varieties are more affected.
Viruses
Infections caused by a variety of viruses are the most dangerous for tomatoes. The thing is that it is impossible to notice them immediately. They begin to appear over time, when it is too late to heal, so conditions must be observed under which the tomatoes will be safe.
Due to poor ventilation of the greenhouse or high humidity levels, a number of complications arise:
- lack of seeds;
- necrosis, which is in the very structure of the fetus;
- striped spot.
At the first signs of the disease, the illumination is normalized, lamps are installed. Lighting should last for 12-15 hours a day. Air humidity should not exceed 70%. Do not forget about airing the greenhouse: every day you should open the windows for 3-4 hours.
They also use special antiviral drugs, but they need to be processed carefully, because an excessive amount of antibiotics negatively affects the taste of the fruit and the harvest.
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
Antibiotics can only be used against bacteria. There are currently no drugs against plant viruses. Sometimes the weather itself helps with the appearance of viral diseases of tomato. The comfortable temperature for the growth and spread of viruses is + 23-25 degrees. With the establishment of hot weather (up to +35 degrees), the number of viruses decreases. It's like a person with ARVI is not advised to drink antipyretic drugs, becauseincreased body temperature (up to + 37-38) kills viruses.
Fungal diseases
The most common fungal infections are late blight, black leg and anthracnose.
Prevention of these diseases is carried out at the time of seedling formation. When the seedlings are still in containers, they are treated with Bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate. Homemade solutions are also used. The ideal option is kefir tincture (1 liter of kefir per 5 liters of water). Pour 50 ml of tincture into each bush.
It is almost impossible to get rid of anthracnose - the damaged bush is removed and burned away from the garden plot.
The disease can be prevented. For this, the planting seeds are treated with immunocytophyte and all waste is removed after harvest.
The fight against blackleg is to cultivate the soil before sowing the seeds with a manganese solution. If desired, you can use the chemical "Baktofit" or "Fitosphorin".
Tatiana Orlova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences):
Blackleg mainly affects only seedlings of plants. The main ways to prevent it are soil disinfection: steaming, the use of biological preparations. Seedling cassette also helps to prevent blackleg spread as it grows. each plant is located in a separate cell and the disease cannot be transmitted to others through the soil.
Conclusion
The positive result of growing tomatoes is achieved only with proper care. In addition to proper watering and feeding, processing of tomatoes in a greenhouse is important. If you protect the seedling bushes from diseases and parasites, you can increase the yield indicators at least 3 times.
