Diseases of cabbage and methods of dealing with them
Diseases of cabbage are fungal, bacterial and viral. They differ not only in signs, but in methods of struggle.
Diseases of cabbage and methods of dealing with them
Bacterial and viral diseases
They arise not due to fungi, but due to improper care.
Characterized by the presence of mucus. Under their influence, the heads of cabbage change color to black. Such a vegetable requires elimination.
Mucous bacteriosis
The reason for the appearance is improper storage conditions. This cabbage disease occurs when the temperature in the room where the cabbage is stored is exceeded. Other reasons are excessive watering, which causes the root system to rot, the introduction of too large doses of nitrogen fertilizers, and non-observance of crop rotation.
A slimy bacteriosis is formed due to bacteria. It can develop in 2 ways. First, the outer leaves rot. They are characterized by an unpleasant odor. The stump begins to rot and becomes soft, watery.
Description of the second variant of the development of this cabbage disease:
- The head of cabbage begins to rot.
- Mucus appears on the leaves.
- The leaves are affected, which are covered with mucus and acquire a dark shade.
Control methods and prevention
It is impossible to save the crop that has affected the slimy bacteriosis. The infected heads of cabbage must be thrown away.
It is important to initially adhere to the rules for planting this vegetable crop:
- process seeds with soap or manganese solution;
- before planting, treat the soil with 0.1% Phytobacteriomycin;
- observe the optimal storage regime (room temperature from -1 to 1 ° C);
- regularly inspect vegetables for pests or signs of disease;
- carry out disinfection in places where fruits are stored.
Vascular bacteriosis
Vascular bacteriosis affects the plant after rain or due to the adverse effects of pests. This cabbage disease can occur at any stage of the vegetable's development - when transplanting seedlings or even before harvesting.
The main signs are:
- first, the edges of the leaves turn yellow;
- gradually they become dark;
- the vessels of the leaf plate turn black;
- at the last stage, the leaves turn dark yellow (sometimes even rusty) and fall off.
Control methods
Sick heads of cabbage need to be destroyed
If the affected heads of cabbage are not destroyed in time, the entire crop can become infected. This is due to the long life of the bacteria - it lives for about 2 years.
To overcome this cabbage disease, you need to treat the seedlings with Fitolavin-300. The consumption rate is 10-15 ml per 10 liters of water. This is enough for processing 1-2 m2 of soil.
Another effective remedy is Binoram 0.1% solution. 200 ml of the drug is diluted in 10 l of water. The solution is applied at the root. It is advisable to do this before the rain.
Prophylaxis
You can plant cabbage in the place where the infected vegetable crop grew after 3-4 years. After removing diseased heads of cabbage and before planting new plants, the soil is treated at least 3 times.
Only processed seeds are planted. As a prophylaxis, a garlic solution is taken using folk methods: 25 g of garlic puree is diluted in a 200 ml glass of water. The seeds are infused in it for a maximum of 20 minutes, after which they are washed and dried. When growing, the roots of the sprouts are dipped in a mixture of mullein and Fitolavin-300.
Cabbage mosaic
This cabbage disease is transmitted through aphid weeds. At the beginning of the development of the mosaic, the leaves brighten (become almost white). They stop growing and soon begin to wrinkle. Black spots gradually appear over the entire surface of the head of cabbage.
Control methods and prevention
- Weed control. They need to be removed constantly, because they tend to multiply quickly and spread throughout the garden.
- Fight against aphids. First, you need to fight not with the insects themselves, but with the ants. You need to find their nests and pour boiling water or kerosene.
The affected heads of cabbage are dug up. You can't just throw them away, just burn them. Then the virus will not spread to other vegetables.
Fungal diseases
Almost all fungal diseases of cabbage arise from improper care.
Excessive watering, storage in inappropriate conditions, neglect of preventive measures are the main causes of the development of fungal diseases.
Alternaria (black spot)
Disease of cabbage seedlings, which appears in places where vegetables are stored.
Description of signs of Alternaria:
- black spots and stripes along the leaves on seedlings;
- black bloom in the form of soot on adult heads of cabbage;
- plaque inside the heads of cabbage, which spreads to the whole plant.
Control methods
Take action as soon as possible
Spraying with fungicides is carried out after the first signs of cabbage disease are detected. For this, drugs are used:
| Fungicide name | Consumption rate per 1 ha |
| Acrobat | 1 L |
| Antracol | 1.5KG |
| Ditan M-45 | 1.2-1.6 kg |
| Quadris | 0.6 l |
| Cuproxat | 3-5 l |
| Speed 250 EC | 0,5 l |
The second time the same means are sprayed during the growing season. It is important to adhere to the indicated consumption rates so as not to harm the plant.
White rot
Harmful to heads of cabbage during the growing season and during storage. All heads of cabbage that have any defects in appearance - cracked, with dents, etc., are susceptible to infection. Cracks are an ideal environment for fungal growth. The main manifestation of white rot is mucus on the outer leaves.
Control methods and prevention
Such leaves must be removed immediately. If this is not done, white rot will infect the rest of the heads of cabbage.
To avoid white rot, do not disturb the crop rotation. It is possible to plant other varieties of cabbage in the same place only after 3-5 years.
After the destruction of the affected heads of cabbage, the storage area is disinfected and washed with soapy water. The same is done with the greenhouse if the cabbage was grown in it.
Keela
The main causative agent of keels is cystospores that live in the soil. They attack the roots, which leads to their decay. Therefore, such a disease in the early stages is problematic to notice. To find out, you need to dig a plant out of the ground.
The main signs are:
- wilting and blanching of leaves;
- thin stems of seedlings;
- growths on the roots.
Under the influence of the keel, the growth of plants stops. Leaves are falling. The root turns dark brown and dies off.
Control methods
Infected plants must be destroyed
An excellent environment for the distribution of keels is rainy and cool weather, abundant watering. Therefore, to protect cabbage from disease, it is recommended to stop watering for a while.
Treatment methods:
- remove and burn seedlings or adult heads of cabbage;
- disinfect the soil with Bordeaux mixture;
- add colloidal sulfur to the soil in an amount of 4 g per 1 m2.
It is important for 4-5 years in the place where the infected vegetable crop grew, not to plant similar vegetables. You need to grow crops that kill the fungus. These are tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, onions, garlic, spinach.
Downy mildew (downy mildew)
It affects young plants, transplanted seedlings.Gradually, the head of cabbage takes on a gray or yellow tint. Bloom appears on the underside of the outer leaves. Then they detach from the head of cabbage and fall off. Cabbage stops developing and then dies.
Control methods
It is necessary to remove the area from the infected leaves. Then you need to normalize the humidity level in the greenhouse.
Protection of cabbage from downy mildew consists in spraying with 1% Bordeaux mixture. Consumption - 500 ml per 10 liters of water.
Another treatment option is the treatment with TMTD (tiram) or planriz. Take 400 g per 2 liters of water. This is enough to process 6-8 heads of cabbage.
Rhizoctonia
Formed when contaminated soil enters the leaves. First, orange stains appear that look like rust. Later, they become lighter and take on a yellow tint. After 5-7 days, the spots grow and literally affect the entire head of cabbage.
Description of the signs of the disease of cabbage rhizoctoniae:
- ulcers appear on the petioles;
- the leaf plate becomes thin, covered with holes;
- root collars turn yellow;
- the roots look frayed.
As with many other fungal diseases, the plant dies.
Methods of control and prevention
The plant may die
Seeing the first signs of this cabbage disease, you need to spray the plant with a 0.2% copper solution. For this, 100 g of copper is diluted in 10 liters of water. This is enough for spraying 2 m2 of plantings.
Prevention consists in observing the planting conditions. Plants need to be examined in a timely manner for signs of disease.
Blackleg
The causative agent of this disease is found in the soil. It gets into it from other, infected plants that grew here earlier.
Blackleg usually affects Peking cabbage or white cabbage. The development of the disease is facilitated by an increased level of soil acidity and abundant watering. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers and dense planting of vegetable crops also negatively affect.
Under the influence of the black leg, darkening appears on the seedlings. Soon it covers the root and the whole plant. As a result, the root system becomes thinner, the plant dries out.
Control methods
A solution based on 1% potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) will help to get rid of the black leg at an early stage. To do this, 1 g of potassium permanganate is diluted in 100-150 ml of water. After which the solution should be infused for 7-10 hours. The product is applied at the root of the heads of cabbage.
Also, plantings for treatment are treated with Fundazol or Planriz. Take 15 g of Fundazole, which are diluted in 10 liters of water. Can be applied under the root or sprayed with drip irrigation. A planriz-based solution is prepared from 30-50 ml of the substance per bucket of water.
Damage by pests
Not only fungal, bacterial and viral diseases can affect cabbage. Various pests can do this:
| Pest | Description of defeat | Way to fight |
| Whitefly | White insects drink the sap of the plant. They are located on the underside of the leaves. | Treat the leaves with soapy water. Take 300 ml of liquid soap and dilute it in 10 liters of water. Insects must first be thrown off the plant with gloves. |
| Cabbage leaf beetle | The black beetle gradually gnaws at the edges of the leaves, moving to the center of the head of cabbage. | The most effective way to combat is by spraying with insecticides. The best among them are Aktara, Engio, Match, etc. |
| Cabbage fly | Gray fly up to 8 mm long, which eats the whole vegetable. | You can fight with folk remedies. Make an infusion of burdock: take 2.5 kg of dried burdock and 10 liters of water. The mixture is infused for 2 days, after which it must be filtered. This amount of solution is enough for 10 heads of cabbage. |
| Cruciferous fleas | Jumping insects 2-3 mm long that attack the roots of the plant. | Make fumigation with celandine powder. Holes are made in a tin can, burning coals are placed on top, celandine is poured inside the can and placed on the garden bed near the cabbage. A solution can be made from celandine. To do this, you need 20 g of powder, which is diluted in 1 liter of water. Let it brew for 12 hours. 1 liter of solution is enough for 2 m2. |
Conclusion
Cabbage is susceptible to various diseases, and the fight against them must be timely and effective. This vegetable crop can be affected by fungal diseases (rhizoctonia, blackleg, keela), bacterial and viral diseases (mucous and vascular bacteriosis, mosaic). Pests have a negative effect on the leaves of the vegetable: cabbage flies and leaf beetles, whiteflies, cruciferous fleas. Cabbage protection from most diseases is realized with the help of chemicals or folk remedies.