Characteristics of the pear variety Ussuriyskaya
Variety Ussuriyskaya pear is tall and frost-resistant, mainly used as a basis for rootstock and selection. The fruits are intended for human consumption, storage and industrial processing.
Characteristics of the pear variety Ussuriyskaya
Variety characteristic
Pear of the Ussuriyskaya variety is very frost-resistant, withstands air temperatures down to -30-40 ° C. History has recorded cases when a wild tree withstood frosts down to -56 ° C.
Description of the variety:
- It grows slowly. On average, it grows by 20-30 cm per year, so it reaches its normal size only by the age of 15.
- Begins to bear fruit only from the 10th year of growth. With proper care and nutrition, the onset of fruit set can be accelerated by several years.
- Long lasting. Grows in the garden up to 70 years. It can grow much longer in the wild.
- Self-infertile. Other varieties of fruit trees need to be planted nearby.
- Undemanding to the soil. The root system is powerful, but located in breadth, not in depth.
- The flowers are large - up to 4 cm, have a white color and a pronounced smell. The flowering period is about a week.
The fruiting period is August-September. Bears fruit abundantly. Up to 80 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree.
Description of the tree
The tree is very tall, usually reaching 10-15 m. The wild pear can grow even higher.
The crown is pyramidal, wide, sometimes spherical. In width reaches 5 m. Leaves are oblong, ciliate-serrate. The bark is dark brown. There are growths in the form of thorns.
Description of fruits
Fruits are formed from beautiful and large flowers. They grow in clusters and have a short stem. The description of the fruits of the Ussuri pear is as follows:
- round in shape, slightly elongated;
- small weight - up to 100 g;
- length up to 6 cm;
- the color is yellow with a red side;
- pulp of different colors: from white to pale pink;
- there are stony cells.
The fruits are sour, slightly tart, so it is better to process them. Fruit makes good compotes and jam.
The fruits of the Ussuri pear can be stored for up to 8 months at a temperature of 0-2 ° C. During storage, they darken, but the taste remains the same.
Care
For high yields, the pear tree must be provided with timely care.
Landing
The period of sowing the seeds of the Ussuri Pear is autumn. Before sowing, the seeds of the Ussuri Pear is stratified:
- for stratification, seeds are placed in wet sand;
- the container with them is placed in a refrigerator with a temperature of 0-5 ° C;
- the seeds are kept in the refrigerator for 2-4 months.
The most favorable time for planting a seedling is spring or autumn. 1-2 year old seedlings can be used.
It is important that the soil has good drainage. A mixture of turf, peat and sand is suitable.
The tree needs good care
Dig a hole exactly the size of the root system of the seedling. Fertilizers and humus are placed in it. You can use a mixture of wood ash with lime in a ratio of 1: 1.5. Another option is to mix manure or humus (60 kg), superphosphate (1.5 kg), potassium chloride (0.7 kg.)
A mound is poured into the middle of the pit and a landing stake is installed.The stake is driven into the ground deep enough: 0.5-1 m. Its lower side is treated with an antifungal liquid.
At the end, the tree is covered with earth, tamped and secured with a planting stake. A planted pear is observed for several weeks until it takes root in a new place.
Watering
Ussuriyskaya pear is drought-resistant. Lack of watering affects the state of the fruit and fruiting.
When watering, adhere to the following rules:
- Watering is required at planting and for the next 3-4 days.
- The main watering occurs in spring and autumn. Watering is also necessary in particularly hot summer weather. Especially young seedlings need watering.
- The volume of water is 2-3 buckets for each tree. The volume may increase depending on the weather and the condition of the tree.
- The best way to water is by sprinkling. Water should fall under the tree in drops for 2-3 weeks.
- To better retain water, a 10-15 cm ditch is dug around the trunk.
Good watering increases the yield of the pear and accelerates its growth. During the pouring of the fruit, additional, but moderate, moisture has a positive effect on the taste of the pear.
Mulching and protection from cold weather
Ussuriyskaya pear can withstand severe frosts, but mulching will eliminate any risks.
Protection rules:
- It is best to mulch with organic materials. Grass, foliage, humus are used as such material.
- Mulching is carried out during planting and in the fall.
- To protect against snow, the lower part of the trunk is additionally wrapped. To do this, use agrofibre, burlap or reeds.
- The bottom of the trunk is sprinkled with earth by 1-15 cm. In the spring, this earth is removed and dug up.
Mulch is also used as a protection against weeds, but its condition must be monitored so that it does not become a vector of diseases.
Pruning
Pruning of branches is carried out in the second year after planting. The pruning period is spring, when it is still cold enough.
Pruning is carried out to form the crown. In the process, the branches are thinned and shortened. The main conductor and lateral branches are cut to the first buds. To enhance air exchange inside the crown, it is thinned out. Cut off excess branches. Also, pruning is carried out in order to clean the tree and prevent diseases. Sick, dry and broken branches are removed.
A well-formed crown provides convenience for care and fruit picking.
Top dressing
Even such an unpretentious culture as the Ussuri pear tree needs additional nutrition. Fertilization frequency:
- The soil is fertilized with nitrogen every year. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied before flowering.
- Every 2-3 years, 5 kg of manure is applied. Manure is replaced with peat or humus.
- Potash and phosphate fertilizers are added every 3-4 years. 500 g of potassium chloride and 500 g of superphosphate are mixed with 20 kg of humus.
Due to the large amount of lime in the ground, the roots begin to deteriorate. For prevention, a solution with lime is introduced into the soil six months before planting.
Diseases and pests
Some pests and diseases are able to withstand the winter cold, therefore, if pests are found, the soil is treated with a solution of colloidal sulfur.
Rust is transmitted through juniper. To prevent this disease, they monitor the plants that are next to the tree. Against the honeydew, the tree is sprayed with a solution of karbofos, kemifos or nitrafen.
Conclusion
Ussuriyskaya pear is one of the best for growing in the northern regions. Proper care of it ensures excellent yields and pleasant fruit taste.