Characteristics of the Efimova pear variety elegant
The pear is popular all over the world due to the versatility of the fruit. The fruits of this tree are used in cooking and are harvested for the winter. Pear Nadyadnaya Efimova is notable for its high commercial qualities.
Characteristics of the Efimova pear variety elegant
Species characteristics
Efimova's well-dressed pear has a number of distinctive characteristics. This variety tolerates frosty winters well and has an innate resistance to disease. In care, this culture is unpretentious.
- its fruiting begins at 7-8 years;
- fruits are formed every year;
- yield - 30 tons per 1 ha.
The cultivar is partially self-pollinated, but additional pollinators should be added to the plots for a higher quality crop. The following types are best suited:
- Seedless;
- Autumn bergamot;
- Yakovlev's favorite.
The formation of the ovaries of these crops coincides with the flowering of the Naryadnaya variety. Also, the fruiting of these species occurs simultaneously.
The fruits are not suitable for freezing, they are often eaten raw or canned for the winter.
Description of the tree
The height of the pear is about 2 m. The foliage forms a pyramidal crown. The density of the foliage is medium. Ovaries are formed on fruit branches. Skeletal branches form sharp corners as they leave the trunk. The variety is not recommended for planting in small areas.
Description of fruits
Pear Nadyadnaya Efimova attracts with its unusual color of fruit. The description of the fruit includes the following characteristics:
- fruit mass - 90-120 g;
- the amount of sugar - 9.3%;
- the amount of acid is 0.13%.
The shape of the fruit is cylindrical and pear-shaped. The surface is covered with a waxy coating. The ready-to-eat fruits are yellow. According to the description, fruiting occurs in late August and early September.
The pulp is juicy, has a beige tint and a pronounced aroma. The pears are removed in green, otherwise the starch consistency in the fruits increases, as a result, the fruits lose some of the taste. The fruits ripen within a week in a cool room.
Care
The Naryadnaya Efimova variety does not require special conditions for growth, however, proper care improves the quality of the fruit. Culture needs:
- watering;
- fertilizer;
- pruning branches.
Watering
Watering depends on the weather
Watering regime depends on weather conditions. During spring planting, the pear is watered every 2-3 days. In summer, in dry weather, the soil is irrigated every day. Autumn seedlings are watered abundantly during planting. One plant has 10 liters of water.
Watering is best done by sprinkling. If it is not possible to use this method, water is poured at the root in several passes.
After irrigation and rain, the ground near the tree is loosened, otherwise the top layer of the soil will harden. Also, the root system is mulched to slow down the process of moisture evaporation.
Fertilizer
In the first year after planting, the seedlings do not need feeding. In the second year, an organic fertilizer is applied containing the following mineral components:
- nitrogen - 0.5%;
- potassium - 0.3%;
- phosphorus - 0.3%
1.5 kg of fertilizer is applied under one seedling.Nitrogen is applied only in early spring, in summer the pear is prepared for wintering, additional growth stimulation can harm the plant.
Foliar fertilization plays an important role in the development of fruits. Before flowering, the ovary is sprayed with a 3% superphosphate solution.
To strengthen the trunk and branches, a 2% urea solution should be used. Spraying is carried out 10 days before the start of flower formation.
Oxidized soil can cause the tree to lack calcium. Ash helps to avoid this. Pour 3-4 cups under one seedling. The soil is treated in a similar way in the first days of September.
Pruning
Crown formation is carried out in early spring. At this time, the plant has not yet restored its usual metabolic rate after wintering, therefore, pruning of branches does not injure it.
In the first year after planting, the tree does not need pruning. In the second year, the first tier of the crown is formed, leaving 2 well-developed branches, the rest are cut off under the ring. Special garden pruners are used for the procedure. If you do not prune, the pear will begin to grow unevenly. This will lead to the fact that different branches will bear fruit at different times.
The first flowering of the seedling is cut. Without such a procedure, the tree will not have enough strength to take root in an open area.
Diseases and pests
The pear variety Nadyadnaya Efimova has an innate immunity to such common diseases as moniliosis and clotterosporia, however, prevention against certain diseases must be carried out annually. Dangerous diseases include:
- Scab. It affects the skin of the foliage with spots of light green color. The disease is prevented with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid. During the flowering period, trees are treated with Horus in a proportion of 2 g per 10 liters of water.
- Rust. This is a disease that affects the crown. Symptoms of the disease are red spots, leading to the death of foliage. The disease is vulnerable to the drug "Skor". In 5 l of water, 2 ml are diluted and the crown is treated.
- Fruit rot. This is a disease caused by a fungus. It affects fruits. Prevention includes treatment of the kidneys with Dnok solution. In 10 liters of liquid, 100 g of the drug is diluted.
Harmful insects cause more damage to crops than diseases. The most common pests are aphids and honeydew. These insects damage fruits and foliage by feeding on their sap.
To minimize the risk of infection, every spring the trunks are cleaned of old bark and moss, diseased branches are cut and holes are dug up. Whitewashing the trunk with lime is considered one of the effective methods of fighting insects.
Infected trees are treated with ZOV and Aktar. "ZOV" is used in early spring, before the onset of bud formation. "Aktar" is diluted in a proportion of 1.5 g per 10 liters of water and the crown is treated in dry times.
Conclusion
Pear variety Nadyadnaya Efimova is characterized by unpretentious care and excellent taste of the fruit.
This species is suitable for growing on private plots and on an industrial scale. The fruits are suitable for making desserts, jams and alcoholic beverages.