Characteristics of the pear variety Chizhovskaya
Pear Chizhovskaya is a hybrid of the varieties Olga and Lesnaya Krasavitsa. Bred by Russian breeders Potapov and Chizhov. Today it is one of the most common. The variety gained popularity due to its good yield and resistance to bad weather conditions. The excellent taste of the fruit pleases gardeners.
Characteristics of the Chizhovskaya pear variety
Variety characteristic
The variety is mid-season - pear ripening dates fall at the end of August. Begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting.
It is a self-fertile species. But for high yields, pollinators are required, which can be the following varieties: Severyanka, Rogneda and Lada.
The Chizhovskaya pear variety has the following characteristics:
- It tolerates lower temperatures, but not as well as the Lada variety.
- It has resistance to scab, which such varieties as Medovaya, Somovskaya cannot boast of.
- Does not tolerate drought (especially at the stage of early development), which cannot be said about Lada. Therefore, it requires timely good watering.
Description of the tree
Medium height - the height is 1.8-2.5 m. A young plant has a narrow crown, which in an older tree takes the shape of a cone. The bark is dark gray. Shoots are red or dark brown, slightly curved.
Average leafiness. Leaves are oblong, curved in the center. There are jagged edges along the edges. The color is rich green. The surface is smooth. The buds are dark brown, conical in shape. They are placed on the branches with a deviation. Inflorescences are corymbose, include 5-6 white flowers. Petals in the form of a cup.
Description of the fetus
Description of the fruit: weight 150-180 g. The skin is thin, smooth, matte. The color of pears is yellow-green, some have a slight blush. There are black spots under the skin. Ripe seeds are brown. There can be 5-10 of them in the fruit.
Chizhovskaya pear has medium juiciness pulp. Its shade is light yellow, closer to white. The structure is semi-oily, melting. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant. The aroma is fresh. According to experts on tasting, the fruits received 4.1-4.2 points out of 5. Fruits do not overripe.
Fruits are yellow-green in color with a slight blush
Yield
pear Chizhovskaya gives good yield indicators - up to 55 kg of fruits from one tree. In a dry wooden container with holes for ventilation, it can be stored for up to 3 months. The temperature in the room where the crop is located should be 3˚С. They perfectly tolerate transportation, have a marketable appearance and are well stored.
Pear Chizhovskaya is winter-hardy. Cases of freezing in the middle lane are not described. Can withstand temperatures of -30˚С. And also tolerates summer heat well.
The disadvantages include the fact that the fruits of the variety decrease as the plant matures. A tree at the age of 15 yields fruits weighing 70-80 g. This is due to the fact that the vegetative mass is growing and it does not have enough fertilizers. Regular feeding can only partially help.
Landing
Prefers slightly acidic soils. High pH levels can be neutralized by applying liming.If you want to acidify the soil, use superphosphate and potassium salt. They will also supply minerals. Funds are deposited several months before planting. During this period, they will dissolve. For cultivation, chernozem and loamy soil are better suited.
Planting dates may fall in the spring or autumn (depending on the region). In the south they are planted around October (a month before the cold weather), in the north - from late March to mid-May.
Soil preparation
To prepare the planting hole, in the fall, they dig the ground to a depth of 1 m and a width of 60 cm. 2 buckets of humus and sand are added to the soil that was removed. Depending on the pH level, add 1/3 cup of potassium sulfate and 200 g of superphosphate or 2-3 kg of slaked lime (dolomite flour). The pit is filled with soil mixture and poured with 2 buckets of water. A peg is driven in from its southern side. A seedling will be tied to it in the future.
If planting is carried out in the spring, then they make sure that the soil warms up to a depth of 10-15 cm. For planting, a seedling is taken, the age of which is 1-2 years. The buds by this time should not yet bloom. Dead branches are removed from it.
The roots in the hole should be free to sit. They are sprinkled with a little earth and poured over with 2 buckets of water. Then they fall asleep completely, the soil is compacted and again irrigated with the same amount of water.
If Pear Chizhovskaya is planted in the fall, then the pit is not prepared in advance. It is dug up just before planting. The actions are the same as for these events in the spring. Only the soil is fertilized in this way: a bucket of humus and 1 glass of ash are brought to the bottom. Experienced gardeners recommend planting in the fall. This is how the culture takes root better.
It is necessary to maintain a distance with other trees. Pollinators are planted 3-4 m from this variety.
Planting dates may fall in the spring or autumn period (depending on the region
Care
In order for the yield indicators to be at a height, some rules must be followed; caring for the plant ensures the health of the tree and its fertility. It is worth creating optimal conditions for the plant, namely:
- watering;
- top dressing;
- pruning.
Watering
For good development of a tree, it is necessary to moisten the soil under it. After planting, the first month the seedling is watered after 7-8 days. One watering is carried out in two stages per day, 10-12 liters of water are added. Then 3-4 moistening of the soil is carried out with the expectation that the plant should receive 2-3 buckets of liquid per year of life. In hot climatic conditions, the amount of watering is increased.
Top dressing
Chizhovsky's pear needs regular feeding. This is the key to a high yield. During the flowering period, saltpeter is used (30 g per 1 sq. M.). To prepare the solution, it is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. The liquid is applied around the plant. At this stage of development, other nitrogen-containing substances are also useful. Such dressings are also carried out on the twentieth of July (stage 3 of fertilization).
After flowering, the tree is fertilized with a solution of nitroammophoska. One pear requires three buckets of product. It is prepared as follows: 1 kg of the drug per 200 liters of water.
In order for the culture to endure the winter well, it is worth feeding it in the fall. For 1 sq. m. of soil prepare the following fertilizer:
- superphosphate - 2 tbsp. l .;
- potassium chloride - 1 tbsp. l .;
- water - 10 liters.
The solution is applied around the tree trunk. This will provide the soil with minerals.
Pruning
Care also includes pruning. It is held in spring or autumn, but not in summer. In spring, this procedure is done at a temperature of at least 8 ° C. Shoots parallel and perpendicular to the central trunk, as well as those that grow in the inner part, are removed. This will provide the leaves with access to light and the formation of a cone-shaped crown.
In October, the pear is cleared of sick and old branches - this is the so-called sanitary pruning. To treat the affected areas on fire, prepare the following remedy: 50 g of pine resin, 250 g of solid oil and 200 g of wax.
Diseases
Chizhevsky's pear is resistant to certain types of diseases.But some still amaze her. Among them are fungal diseases such as rust and black cancer.
At the first signs of the disease, treatment should be started in order to preserve the harvest.
Rust
The first disease has the following symptoms: red or orange pads on the outside of the leaves. To combat the disease, treatment with Hom is used. To prepare the solution, take 80 g of the product per 10 liters of water. One tree requires 4 liters of funds. After harvesting, spraying with 1% Bordeaux liquid is applied.
Black cancer
With a black cancer disease, characteristic dents of a brown-violet color appear on the bark. Over time, the bark turns black and cracks. The tree may even die. The affected areas are cut at once with two centimeters of healthy bark. After that, it is treated with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. Then they cover it with garden pitch.
Pests
The pests of this variety are:
- boyar woman;
- goldtail;
- ringed silkworm.
The description of the variety advises the use of Entobacterin in the fight against hawks and ringed silkworms. For 10 liters of water, take 100 g of the drug. Dosage for 1 tree - up to 4 liters of solution. Insecticides will be effective against the lacetail. Use the Aktara remedy. A package of this substance is diluted in 10 liters of water. Consumption - 3 liters per 1 tree.
Conclusion
Pear Chizhovskaya is a variety that even novice gardeners can grow. After all, she is unpretentious in care. It has many positive characteristics. Endowed with excellent taste.
The fruits are eaten fresh. They also prepare jam, compotes, candied fruits.