Mushroom picking in August
Edible mushrooms are harvested in August when a huge number of their varieties emerge from the ground.
Mushroom picking in August
Porcini
White mushroom belongs to the genus Borovik or Bolet. It is the most valuable of all edible species. Even the most cultivated mushroom in the world - champignon - cannot compete with it: white belongs to the 1st category of nutritional value, and champignon - to the 2nd.
The "king" of mushrooms is the bearer of a storehouse of useful elements. It contains vitamins A, C, D and group B. Lecithin, which improves hemoglobin, is also present in the white mushroom.
The porcini mushroom has several varieties, the names of which clearly indicate their confinement to a particular habitat: spruce, oak, birch, pine. All of them differ somewhat in the color of the cap, but they are united by common characteristics: a fleshy cap and a large and thick leg. The most common is the pine porcini mushroom.
Where and when it grows
White mushroom is common in many regions. He is found even in the arctic zone and tundra. This is a forest mushroom, and it is rarely found in the forest-steppe. Peatlands and swamps are also not for him. The growth period is from mid-July to the end of September.
This is an edible mushroom in the second half of August.
How it grows
The plant does not like heavy rainfall. Also, its growth is not favored by a sharp drop between night and daytime temperatures. Warm nights, short thunderstorms and fogs suit him.
The favorable temperature is in the range of + 15 ... + 28 ° C. This type of mushroom is photophilous - it often grows in illuminated places.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
What is important for the growth of the porcini mushroom? Almost the same factors as for other types of mushrooms:
- Air humidity: it should be up to 60%. If it turns out that after a rainy summer drought suddenly begins, then despite the presence of moisture in the soil, the porcini mushroom stops developing. This happens because the fruiting body of the fungus has no protection from evaporation and at low air humidity it simply dries up.
- Temperature range: he, like air humidity, is an important factor that affects the growth of mycelium and germination of spores. By the way. Spores can also germinate at + 8 ℃.
The rainy and warm weather is especially favorable for the rapid growth of fruit bodies. Due to this combination of weather conditions, their growth can continue for a whole month. Moreover, the average weight of a mushroom can be about 250 g. On the 4-5th day, the mass of a young porcini mushroom can reach 150-180 g. And after the rains, growth only accelerates.
Did you know? At first, the leg stops its growth and after 2-3 days - the cap.
Honey mushrooms
These mushrooms grow in August. There are a number of families and genera, united by the name "Honey mushrooms". This is a whole non-systematic group, most of which like to grow on stumps. So, for example, summer honey agaric belongs to the Stropharia family.
Summer honey agaric is one of the types of mushrooms, the collection of which is usually treated with great caution due to the similarity with some poisonous species.Due to increased toxicity, edible mushrooms must be boiled before frying for about 30 minutes: the water is brought to a boil, after which it is drained and poured in a new one, previously boiled.
Summer mushroom
Young mushrooms have a convex cap, and already ripe ones are flat, with a slight bulge in the center. The size of the cap is small, it can reach 6 cm in diameter. The skin should be smooth and slightly sticky in wet weather. The color is brown (with a sufficient degree of transparency if the weather is damp) or honey with a matte tint (if the weather is dry). The mushroom leg is long enough, harsh and hollow inside. A distinctive feature is the dark scales below the leg ring. By the way. The mushroom cap is hygrophilous, i.e. the ability, due to the peculiarities of its structure, to retain water in itself.
Since the mushrooms grow in tiers, the ripe spores of the upper level fall on the caps of the lower mushrooms and create the illusion of rotting.
From the name it follows that summer mushrooms are collected mainly in summer, but the period of its growth is spring-November. Such mushrooms grow especially well in early August.
Summer honey agaric loves deciduous forests. It is found at the foot of damaged trees and on rotten stumps. He prefers dampness and rotten stumps. Usually these are hardwood stumps: linden, birch and aspen.
In certain conditions of its development, a poisonous galley bordered looks like summer mushrooms, but it grows on the stumps of coniferous trees - collection in coniferous forests should be avoided. It is better to collect honey mushrooms in damp weather, when they are more difficult to confuse with poisonous mushrooms.
Ryzhik
Gingerbreads are a group of mushrooms belonging to the genus Millechnik of the russula family. They grow in coniferous forests. They are considered useful because they contain a number of trace elements and vitamins. This fungus helps to accelerate hair and nail growth and improves vision. In pharmacology, its natural antibiotic lactarioviolin is used, the components of which are capable of inhibiting the growth of tubercle bacilli.
Ginger, due to its "outstanding", is difficult to confuse with other mushrooms, except for the safe pink wave.
Ryzhiks can improve vision
Distinctive features of saffron milk caps:
- The cap is large, concave inward (broadly funnel-shaped), the edges are bent, then straight.
- Below the cap there are frequent yellow-orange plates that turn green if you press on them.
- The leg is 2-8 cm high, cylindrical, hollow, painted in the same colors as the cap.
- Coloring from light yellow to bright orange. There are red and blue-green representatives.
- Milky juice is abundant, orange, sweetish in taste, with a fruity aroma, turns green in the air.
Mosswheel
The yellow-brown mosswheel is also called the yellow-brown oiler. It is found in coniferous and mixed forests next to moss, from which it got its name. Its difference is considered to be a dry fleshy pillow-shaped cap, more often brown. In young fruit bodies, its surface is pubescent, then it cracks and small scales appear, which disappear in the mature age of the fungus. When pressed or broken on the lower part of the cap - a tubular hymenophore - it becomes blue.
The growth period is from mid-July to frost. The mushroom belongs to the 3rd category of edibility. Collecting and pickling is recommended for young fruiting bodies.
Flywheels usually grow in forests where there are conifers and sandy soil. You rarely see them in pine forests. They like to settle in a group, which simplifies collection, prefer the neighborhood of conifers and larch trees. They are found on the north side of the tree.
Butterlets
The cap of the oiler is characteristically oily, shiny and has a film that is easy to remove. The color of the surface of the cap - skin, varies from dark yellow to chocolate. At first, young mushrooms have a spherical cap, but later it becomes flat. They grow in different forests and are easy to spot near birches, oaks and pines. They love sandy soil.
Butterlets do not tolerate cold; they usually grow in summer.They feel better in a warm and rainy August environment, sometimes at the end of the month. Temperatures above + 15 ° C are suitable for their growth.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The growth conditions for boletus are:
- Well moistened soil (at least 70%).
- Sunlight heating up this top layer.
It is important not to forget that the mycelium of representatives of boletus is located at a shallow depth - only 10-15 cm from the surface. And if, when picking mushrooms, pay attention to where the boletus is most often found, you will see that in dark places, for example, under the branches of fir trees, they do not grow. The key point will be the absence of sunlight, which is so important for the development of the fungus, and therefore heat, which creates a certain temperature level for the formation of fruit bodies.
It is believed that for the appearance of oily oils, a temperature stable for several (3-5 days) at a level of + 18 ... + 30 ° C is required. At this time, the soil will warm up to the layer where the mycelium is located.
The recommended temperature regime is a temperature stable for 3-4 days in the range from + 18 ° C to + 30. It is during this time that the soil has time to change its temperature by 15-20 cm in accordance with the air temperature.
Butterlets belong to the so-called. rapidly growing mushrooms can grow by 0.9-1.5 cm per day.When warm short-term rains come and after them warm weather sets in, the growth rate is significantly accelerated and already 2-3 days after the rain, the first young fruiting bodies appear. So you can go to the forest.
Boletus
Boletus is the general name for some of the species of mushrooms belonging to the genus Leccinum or Obabok. A striking difference between representatives of this group of species is a plump "stocky" leg and a neat dense hemispherical cap of red or brown-chocolate hue. For this feature, aspen mushrooms are also called redheads, aspen mushrooms and aspen mushrooms. They do not have false and poisonous "twins".
They grow in deciduous and mixed forests, it is more realistic to find them under young trees.
Mushrooms choose different trees: there are red ones under aspens, and yellow-brown ones are easy to find under birches. Those that appear in August are called stubble fields. Aspen mushrooms are often confused with boletus boletus. To prevent this from happening, look at the cut of the leg or cap of the mushroom - it turns blue in the boletus.
Boletus
The boletus, like the boletus, belongs to the genus Leccinum or Obabok, it is in many ways similar to it. The cap color ranges from light gray to dark brown. This parameter depends on which tree the mushroom is growing next to. His hat is hemispherical, pillow-shaped. In humid weather conditions, it becomes covered with light mucus.
Boletus grows well in the August period in deciduous, mainly birch, and mixed forests.
In addition to the color of the cap, boletus boletus is distinguished from boletus boletus by the absence of clearly noticeable scales on the leg. When the leg is cut, the flesh does not turn blue.
Boletus can be easily confused with a gall fungus. Gorchak is not edible, has no poisonous properties, but tastes disgusting. It has a "greasy" flesh and a mesh-like pattern on the surface of the leg.
Chanterelles
Chanterelles are mushrooms of the Chanterelle or Cantarella family. Their caps are characteristically funnel-shaped, with folds and accrete with the stem. The shade is reddish, yellow, or whitish. There is no clear border between the leg and the cap. The hymenophore in these fungi is folded, that is, it is clearly seen that the place of spore formation is represented by rather "well-fed" folds of the lower surface of the cap. It is very easy to distinguish from the plates by the following features of the external structure:
- thickness;
- rounded edges.
However, this does not prevent chanterelles from being accustomed to lamellar species, as we are used to doing since school days.
Chanterelles grow in mixed forests, forming mycorrhiza with various trees.Cesium-137 radionuclides accumulate in their fruiting bodies, and according to the level of their accumulation, chanterelles are referred to as "medium-accumulating" ones.
The chanterelle has poisonous twins: the false chanterelle and the olive omphalot.
These mushrooms are harvested in August and September.
Lactose
Milk is one of a large number of mushrooms of the genus Mlechnik (Lactarius). The hat is concave, not smooth, with slightly ragged edges. In the future, it is leveled and bent with the edges inward. A small amount of mucus is noticeable on it. The color is usually yellow or golden. The leg is small, of medium thickness. The pulp is white brittle, has a pungent specific smell. Milky sap is characteristic of mushrooms, due to which they are included in the group of conditionally edible mushrooms.
Milk mushrooms grow well in temperate climates from July to late October.
Conclusion
All of the above types of mushrooms are widespread in the region of the temperate continental climate, characteristic both for the Leningrad region in the north, and for the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Volgograd regions and Bashkiria, located in the south of this climatic zone.
The mushroom season is somewhat different in different regions and ends in different ways, year after year does not occur. For example, in Samara, the end of October sometimes turns out to be successful, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg it is already difficult to find anything even for the most persistent mushroom picker.
