Description of the crowded row
Due to their high protein content, mushrooms are a substitute for meat. The crowded row (Lyophyllum decastes), belonging to the genus Lyophyllum, quietly replaces chicken not only in nutritional value, but also in taste.
Description of the crowded row
Description of the mushroom
Lyophillums grow on the ground in deciduous or mixed forests. The species begins to bear fruit at the end of August, the last representatives are found in the forest in November.
Description of the mushroom:
- the diameter of the cap is 4-12 cm, the color is dirty white, gray-brown, brightens with age;
- the shape of the cap is hemispherical at first, the edges are wrapped, in adult mushrooms it is convex-prostrate, the edges are wavy or lobed;
- the cap is fleshy, but brittle;
- the plates are frequent, yellowish, when pressed, they become darker;
- leg 3-9 cm high, in girth 0.5-2.5 cm, cylindrical, sometimes slightly swollen or thickened downwards;
- grows in groups, the legs grow together strongly at the base, forming aggregates.
The mushroom grows in a large family, but sometimes there are single representatives. Mushrooms of different ages with different shapes and shades of caps are found in the group. It is recommended to eat young mushrooms.
According to the description, the crowded row can be easily confused with a poisonous row that has grown together. The appearance of this poisonous ryadovka has a lighter color of the cap, a white leg, which becomes hollow with age. Previously, fused lyophyllum was edible, in recent years, after a detailed study of the components of the chemical composition, it was ranked as poisonous. During cooking, toxic substances are not removed from the fruiting body.
Mushrooms bear fruit from late August to November
The benefits of the mushroom
If mushrooms are properly collected and cooked, they have the following effects on the body:
- antibacterial;
- antiviral;
- anti-inflammatory;
- antioxidant (prevents excess oxidation in the body);
- immunostimulating (increases the general resistance of the body to diseases);
- hepatoprotective (protection and cleansing of the liver);
- hypoglycemic (lowers blood glucose).
Also, vitamins of group B in the composition of the mushroom help to activate brain activity, increase efficiency. The use of the product helps to strengthen blood vessels.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The fruit bodies of the rowers contain natural antibiotics - clitocin and fomecin, capable of destroying pathogenic bacteria and even cancer cells. The chemical composition of group rows (as crowded rows are also called) is characterized by:
- 10 types of polysaccharides;
- proteins;
- cellulose;
- fats;
- carbohydrates;
- monosaccharides glucose and fructose;
- trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper, sodium, selenium, zinc, manganese, iron);
- 18 amino acids;
- disaccharide trehalose;
- vitamins A, B, C, PP, D2, D7.
Experts say that the systematic use of crowded rows in food, due to the presence of natural antibiotics in their composition, increases the resistance of the human body to the development of tubercle bacillus and various viruses.
Contraindications to use
The crowded row is prohibited for use in the following cases:
- age up to 12 years;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- renal failure;
- liver failure.
In the presence of contraindications, complications arise, the external manifestations of which are similar to poisoning. The main signs are headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loose stools. When these symptoms appear, the stomach is washed out to the affected person. Then he definitely needs to take special drugs to remove toxins and normalize the composition of the microflora.
You can't eat mushrooms that grow near working factories, busy highways. Fruiting bodies quickly collect toxins from the environment.
Application
The crowded row has found application in cooking, traditional and folk medicine. She is the object of scientific research.
In cooking
Lyophillum is allowed to be eaten only after preliminary boiling. The species is classified as conditionally edible. After 10-15 minutes of cooking in clean water, toxic substances leave the fruit body.
Boiled mushroom tastes like chicken. It is used with vegetables, added to soups, salted and pickled. Vegetarians use the product to replenish the amount of protein in the body.
The crowded row has found application in cooking, traditional and folk medicine
In medicine
The chemical composition and useful properties have led to the widespread use of lyophillums in medicine. Antibacterial and antiviral drugs are obtained from the fruit bodies. Also, mushrooms are included in the diet of patients with diabetes, since they normalize blood sugar levels.
On the basis of lyophillums, drugs are made for atherosclerosis. Several components of the fungus are capable of stopping the formation of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels.
The anticancer activity of these fungi is being studied. Some drugs for sarcoma, breast and uterine cancer contain components of the fungus.
An alcoholic extract of lyophillum is used for topical application in inflammatory skin diseases. Mushroom tinctures are widely used in folk medicine for high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, as well as to slow down skin aging.
Conclusion
Lyophyllum is a tasty and healthy lamellar mushroom. It is distributed in mixed and deciduous forests throughout Russia. Mushroom pickers collect mushrooms of this type mainly for pickling. When collecting, it is important to carefully choose a place and study the descriptions of poisonous and inedible mushrooms, similar to lyophyllum.
